with which of the following statements would a behaviorist agree
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Exam 4 Psychology

1. With which of the following statements would a behaviorist agree?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Behaviorists argue that psychology should focus on observable behavior that can be studied objectively. Choice A is incorrect because behaviorists do not typically focus on conscious experiences, as they are not directly observable. Choice B is incorrect because behaviorists emphasize that behavior can be understood without delving into internal motives. Choice C is incorrect as behaviorists do not exclusively explain behavior through an individual's interpretation of experience; they focus on observable actions and reactions.

2. In an experiment, the investigators manipulate variables to learn how one affects another.?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because in an experimental design, investigators manipulate variables to determine the effect of one on another. This process allows researchers to test causal hypotheses by manipulating one variable while keeping others constant. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not directly relate to manipulating variables in an experiment.

3. Which parenting style is characterized by warmth, control, and communication?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The authoritative parenting style is characterized by a balance of warmth, control, and communication. This style promotes a nurturing environment where rules are established, but there is also room for open communication and understanding. Choice A, Authoritarian, is characterized by high control and low warmth, with strict rules and limited communication. Choice B, Permissive/indulgent, is characterized by high warmth and low control, with few rules and little discipline. Choice D, Neglectful/uninvolved, is characterized by low warmth, low control, and lack of communication or involvement in the child's life.

4. Strict behaviorists would be most sympathetic to which one of the following statements?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Strict behaviorists, who adhere to behaviorism, believe that human behavior is primarily influenced by environmental factors. This perspective asserts that individuals' actions and responses are shaped by their interactions with the environment, learning experiences, and external stimuli. Choice A is incorrect because strict behaviorists do not focus on inherited factors but on how behavior is learned and shaped through environmental influences. Choice C is also incorrect as behaviorists do not believe in equal contributions of inherited and environmental factors; they emphasize environmental determinants. Choice D is incorrect as behaviorists have a clear stance that behavior is influenced by environmental stimuli and learning experiences.

5. Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between the ages of 3 and 5 is the ________ stage.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between the ages of 3 and 5 is the phallic stage. During this stage, children focus on the genitals and start to identify with the same-sex parent while developing the superego. Choice A, the oral stage, occurs during infancy (0-1 year), where gratification is centered around the mouth. Choice B, the anal stage, occurs between the ages of 1 and 3, focusing on toilet training. Choice D, the genital stage, is the final stage in Freud's theory, occurring from puberty onwards, where the focus is on mature sexual relationships.

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