with which of the following statements would a behaviorist agree

ATI RN

Exam 4 Psychology

1. With which of the following statements would a behaviorist agree?

A. Conscious experiences can be studied in an objective, precise way.
B. In order to understand behavior, one must understand the motives behind the behavior.
C. Behavior can only be explained in terms of phenomenology, that is, an individual's interpretation of experience.
D. Psychology should be the science of behavior that can be observed by others.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Behaviorists argue that psychology should focus on observable behavior that can be studied objectively. Choice A is incorrect because behaviorists do not typically focus on conscious experiences, as they are not directly observable. Choice B is incorrect because behaviorists emphasize that behavior can be understood without delving into internal motives. Choice C is incorrect as behaviorists do not exclusively explain behavior through an individual's interpretation of experience; they focus on observable actions and reactions.

2. Which neurotransmitter is reduced in both the manic and depressive phases of bipolar disorder?

A. Acetylcholine
B. Dopamine
C. Norepinephrine
D. Serotonin

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Serotonin. Serotonin levels are reduced during both the manic and depressive phases of bipolar disorder. Acetylcholine (choice A) is not typically linked to bipolar disorder. Dopamine (choice B) and norepinephrine (choice C) are more commonly associated with conditions like schizophrenia and depression, respectively, rather than bipolar disorder. Therefore, they are not the neurotransmitters reduced in both manic and depressive phases of bipolar disorder.

3. What is the significance of early intervention in preventing mental disorders?

A. Early intervention has no significant impact on preventing mental disorders.
B. Early intervention is critical in reducing the risk of developing mental disorders.
C. Early intervention can sometimes exacerbate mental disorders.
D. Early intervention is only effective in severe cases.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Early intervention is crucial in preventing or mitigating the development of mental disorders by addressing issues before they fully develop. Choice A is incorrect because early intervention plays a significant role in preventing mental disorders. Choice C is incorrect as early intervention aims to improve mental health outcomes. Choice D is incorrect as early intervention is effective across various stages of mental health conditions, not just in severe cases.

4. Children whose temperament is generally mild but who are hesitant about accepting new experiences are described as?

A. Secure
B. Avoidant
C. Ambivalent
D. Disorganized

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Ambivalent.' Children with an ambivalent temperament are indeed generally mild but hesitant about accepting new experiences. This temperament is characterized by a combination of mildness and hesitance. Choice A, 'Secure,' refers to children who are comfortable with both their caregiver's presence and absence, showing a secure attachment style. Choice B, 'Avoidant,' describes children who tend to avoid or ignore their caregiver, displaying an insecure attachment style. Choice D, 'Disorganized,' represents children with inconsistent or confused behaviors towards their caregiver, exhibiting an insecure and disoriented attachment style.

5. Arrange the three stages of prenatal development in the correct order.

A. Germinal stage, fetal stage, embryonic stage
B. Fetal stage, embryonic stage, germinal stage
C. Embryonic stage, germinal stage, fetal stage
D. Germinal stage, embryonic stage, fetal stage

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct order of the three stages of prenatal development is germinal stage, embryonic stage, and fetal stage. During the germinal stage, the fertilized egg rapidly divides and implants in the uterine wall. The embryonic stage follows, where major organs and systems begin to develop. Finally, during the fetal stage, the developing organism is known as a fetus and continues to grow and mature. Choice A is incorrect because it has the stages in the wrong order. Choice B is incorrect as it also presents the stages out of order. Choice C is incorrect as it reverses the order of the stages. Therefore, the correct answer is D.