ATI RN
RN ATI Capstone Proctored Comprehensive Assessment 2019 B
1. A nurse is caring for a client and realizes they have administered the wrong medication. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Notify the provider
- B. Check the condition of the client
- C. Document the occurrence in the electronic medical record
- D. Complete an incident report
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to 'Check the condition of the client' first. When a medication error occurs, the nurse's initial priority should be to assess the client's condition to address any immediate harm or side effects. Notifying the provider can come after ensuring the client's safety. Documenting the occurrence in the electronic medical record and completing an incident report are important steps but should follow the assessment of the client's condition to prioritize patient safety.
2. A client has a new prescription for guaifenesin. What information regarding the action of guaifenesin should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Decreases mucus production
- B. Reduces nasal congestion
- C. Increases cough production
- D. Reduces fever
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Increases cough production.' Guaifenesin is an expectorant that works by increasing cough production to help clear secretions from the airways. Option A is incorrect because guaifenesin does not decrease mucus production but rather helps to make the mucus easier to cough up. Option B is incorrect as guaifenesin does not reduce nasal congestion. Option D is incorrect because guaifenesin does not have any effect on reducing fever.
3. A nurse is teaching an older adult client who reports constipation. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Increase dietary intake of raw vegetables
- B. Limit activity
- C. Drink four to five glasses of water daily
- D. Bear down hard when defecating
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction the nurse should include is to advise the client to drink four to five glasses of water daily. Increasing water intake helps alleviate constipation by softening stool and increasing bowel movements. Choice A, increasing dietary intake of raw vegetables, can be helpful in preventing constipation but may not be sufficient as the sole intervention for someone already experiencing constipation. Choice B, limiting activity, can worsen constipation as physical activity helps stimulate bowel movements. Choice D, bearing down hard when defecating, can lead to other issues like hemorrhoids and should be avoided.
4. A client has bilateral eye patches following an injury. When the client's food tray arrives, which of the following interventions should the nurse take to promote independence in eating?
- A. Explain to the client that their tray is here and place their hands on it
- B. Ask the client if they would prefer a liquid diet
- C. Assign an assistive personnel to feed the client
- D. Describe to the client the location of the food on the tray
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Describing the location of food on the tray helps promote independence for the client with bilateral eye patches. By providing clear instructions on where the food is placed, the client can independently locate and consume their meal. Option A is incorrect as physically placing the client's hands on the tray does not encourage independence. Option B is unnecessary unless there are specific dietary restrictions indicated. Option C does not promote the client's independence and should be avoided unless absolutely necessary.
5. A nurse is providing home care for a client who is receiving tube feedings and medication through a gastrostomy tube. The family member providing the feedings reports that the client has begun to have diarrhea. For which of the following practices should the nurse intervene?
- A. Cleanse the bag every 24 hours
- B. Cleanse the bag every 48 hours
- C. Use tap water
- D. Flush the tube every 4 hours
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Cleansing the bag every 24 hours can lead to contamination, increasing the risk of infection and diarrhea. Using tap water (choice C) is not recommended for cleaning the gastrostomy tube due to the risk of introducing harmful microorganisms. Cleansing the bag every 48 hours (choice B) is not frequent enough and may also contribute to infection. Flushing the tube every 4 hours (choice D) is a standard practice to ensure patency and should not be intervened by the nurse.
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