ATI RN
ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam 2023
1. A nursing student asks what essential hypertension is. What response by the registered nurse is best?
- A. It means it is caused by another disease.
- B. It means it is essential that it be treated.
- C. It is hypertension with no specific cause.
- D. It refers to severe and life-threatening hypertension.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Essential hypertension, also known as primary or idiopathic hypertension, is the most common type of hypertension. It has no specific underlying cause such as an associated disease process. In contrast, hypertension that is due to another disease is referred to as secondary hypertension. Malignant hypertension is a severe and life-threatening form of hypertension characterized by rapidly progressive blood pressure elevation and potential end-organ damage.
2. A nurse collaborates with a respiratory therapist to complete pulmonary function tests (PFTs) for a client. Which statements should the nurse include in communications with the respiratory therapist prior to the tests? (SATA)
- A. I held the client's morning bronchodilator medication.
- B. The client is ready to go down to radiology for this examination.
- C. Physical therapy states the client can run on a treadmill.
- D. I advised the client not to smoke for 6 hours prior to the test.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: To ensure the PFTs are accurate, the therapist needs to know that no bronchodilators have been administered in the past 4 to 6 hours, the client did not smoke within 6 to 8 hours prior to the test and the client can follow basic commands, including different breathing maneuvers. The respiratory therapist can perform PFTs at the bedside. A treadmill is not used for this test.
3. A healthcare provider assesses a client with pneumonia. Which clinical manifestation should the provider expect to find?
- A. Fremitus
- B. Hyperresonance
- C. Dullness on percussion
- D. Decreased tactile fremitus
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Pneumonia often leads to the consolidation of lung tissue, resulting in dullness on percussion. This occurs due to the presence of fluid or inflammatory material in the alveoli. Fremitus and decreased tactile fremitus are more indicative of conditions like pleural effusion or pneumothorax, where there is an increase in the density of the pleural space or air in the pleural cavity. Hyperresonance, on the other hand, is typically associated with conditions causing air trapping, such as emphysema, where there is increased air in the alveoli.
4. A nurse teaches a client with tuberculosis (TB) who is being discharged. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I will take my medication as prescribed.
- B. I will need to have regular follow-up chest x-rays.
- C. I will be able to return to work immediately.
- D. I will use tissues to cover my mouth when I cough.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Clients with tuberculosis should not return to work until they are no longer contagious and have been cleared by their healthcare provider. This usually requires several weeks of treatment. The other statements are correct and indicate understanding.
5. A client with a new tracheostomy is being seen in the oncology clinic. What finding by the nurse best indicates that goals for the nursing diagnosis Impaired Self-Esteem are being met?
- A. The client demonstrates a good understanding of stoma care.
- B. The client has joined a book club that meets at the library.
- C. Family members take turns assisting with stoma care.
- D. Skin around the stoma is intact without signs of infection.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The client joining a book club that meets outside the home and requires him or her to go out in public is the best indicator that goals for Impaired Self-Esteem are being met. This social activity indicates an improvement in self-confidence and willingness to engage with others, which are essential aspects of self-esteem. The other choices, while positive, do not directly address self-esteem concerns related to social interaction and confidence.
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