ATI RN
ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam 2023
1. A healthcare professional auscultates a harsh hollow sound over a client's trachea & larynx. Which action should the healthcare professional take first?
- A. Document findings.
- B. Administer O2 therapy.
- C. Position client in high-Fowler's position.
- D. Administer prescribed albuterol.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The healthcare professional has identified bronchial breath sounds, which are normal findings over the trachea & larynx, characterized by harsh, hollow, tubular, and blowing sounds. The appropriate initial action for the healthcare professional is to document these normal findings. Oxygen therapy, administering albuterol, or repositioning the client is unnecessary as this finding does not indicate a need for intervention.
2. A client with a pleural effusion is being assessed by a nurse. Which clinical manifestation does the nurse expect to find?
- A. Decreased breath sounds on the affected side
- B. Hyperresonance on percussion of the affected side
- C. Increased tactile fremitus on the affected side
- D. Tracheal deviation toward the affected side
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In a client with pleural effusion, decreased breath sounds on the affected side are common due to the presence of fluid in the pleural space. Hyperresonance is not expected; dullness on percussion is more likely. Tactile fremitus is typically decreased, not increased, in pleural effusion cases. Tracheal deviation away from the affected side, not toward it, can be seen with large effusions.
3. A nurse is evaluating a 3-day diet history with a client who has an elevated lipid panel. What meal selection indicates the client is managing this condition well with diet?
- A. A 4-ounce steak, French fries, iceberg lettuce
- B. Baked chicken breast, broccoli, tomatoes
- C. Fried catfish, cornbread, peas
- D. Spaghetti with meat sauce, garlic bread
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The diet recommended for this client would be low in saturated fats & red meat, high in vegetables & whole grains (fiber), low in salt, & low in trans-fat. The best choice is the chicken with broccoli & tomatoes. The French fries have too much fat & the iceberg lettuce has little fiber. The catfish is fried. The spaghetti dinner has too much red meat & no vegetables.
4. A client with asthma is being taught about peak flow meter use. Which statement by the client indicates understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will use my peak flow meter every morning.
- B. I will use my peak flow meter when I feel short of breath.
- C. I will use my peak flow meter before using my inhaler.
- D. I will use my peak flow meter after using my inhaler.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Using the peak flow meter every morning is crucial for monitoring asthma control and making timely treatment adjustments. While using the meter when feeling short of breath or before using an inhaler can also be beneficial, the daily morning routine helps in consistent management of asthma symptoms.
5. A client who is interested in smoking cessation receives teaching from a nurse. Which statements should the nurse include in this teaching? (Select ONE that does not apply)
- A. Find an activity that you enjoy and that will keep your hands busy.
- B. Keep healthy snacks on hand to nibble on.
- C. Identify reasons for quitting smoking.
- D. Make a list of reasons for quitting smoking.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When teaching a client interested in smoking cessation, the nurse should include advice to find an activity that keeps hands busy to help distract from smoking urges, keep healthy snacks on hand to manage oral cravings, and drink at least 8 glasses of water daily to aid in flushing out toxins. Making a list of reasons for quitting smoking is also beneficial to reinforce motivation. It is important to avoid punitive measures or punishments for relapses as this can negatively impact the client's progress.
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