ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Practice Test A 2019
1. Which of the following actions would be of highest priority with regards to the external shunt?
- A. Avoid taking blood pressure or blood sample from the arm with the shunt
- B. Instruct the patient not to exercise the arm with the shunt
- C. Heparinize the shunt daily
- D. Change the dressing of the shunt daily
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Heparinizing the shunt daily (choice C) is the highest priority action as it prevents the formation of blood clots that can occlude the shunt, leading to potential complications such as thrombosis. Avoiding taking blood pressure or blood samples from the arm with the shunt (choice A) is also important, but secondary to heparinizing the shunt. Similarly, instructing the patient not to exercise the arm with the shunt (choice B) can help prevent unnecessary strain on the shunt, but it is not as critical as preventing clot formation. Changing the dressing of the shunt daily (choice D) is a standard nursing care practice to prevent infection, but again, it is not as critical as ensuring the shunt remains patent through daily heparinization.
2. Which adolescent student lunch, evaluated by the school nurse, is the least nutritious?
- A. Ham sandwich, apple, and milk
- B. Hamburger, fries, and soft drink
- C. Macaroni and cheese, green beans, and peaches
- D. Meatloaf, broccoli, and pear slices
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hamburger, fries, and soft drink. This meal is considered the least nutritious among the options provided due to its high content of unhealthy fats, processed carbohydrates, and added sugars, which lack essential nutrients. On the other hand, choice A: Ham sandwich, apple, and milk, offers a balanced meal with protein, fiber, vitamins, and calcium. Choice C: Macaroni and cheese, green beans, and peaches, provides a mixture of carbohydrates, vegetables, and fruits. Choice D: Meatloaf, broccoli, and pear slices, includes protein, fiber, and vitamins. Thus, all choices except B provide a more balanced and nutritious meal.
3. A nurse is providing preventative information to a group of parents with toddlers about choking. Which food item should the nurse recommend for this age group?
- A. Banana slices
- B. Popcorn
- C. Hot dogs
- D. Carrot sticks
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Banana slices are the most suitable food option for toddlers to prevent choking. Toddlers are at a higher risk of choking due to their small airways and developing chewing abilities. Banana slices are soft, easy to chew, and less likely to cause choking compared to other options. Popcorn and hot dogs are common choking hazards for young children due to their shape and texture. While carrot sticks may be a healthy choice, they can also pose a choking risk due to their hardness and shape. Therefore, recommending banana slices to parents of toddlers is the safest choice to prevent choking incidents, making choice 'A' the correct answer. Choices 'B', 'C', and 'D' are incorrect because they can potentially cause choking in toddlers.
4. How is an ear infection that persists for less than 14 days classified?
- A. Mastoiditis
- B. Chronic Ear Infection
- C. Acute Ear Infection
- D. Otitis Media
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Acute Ear Infection is the correct answer because it typically refers to an infection that is short-lived and often severe, typically lasting less than 14 days. Chronic Ear Infection (Choice B) is incorrect as it refers to an ear infection that lasts for a long time or recurs often, typically more than three months. Mastoiditis (Choice A) is a complication of a middle ear infection and not an ear infection itself. Otitis Media (Choice D) is a general term for inflammation or infection in the middle ear, which can be either acute or chronic, so it's not specific enough to be the correct answer. Understanding the duration and severity of symptoms can help in identifying the type of ear infection, facilitating appropriate treatment and prevention of complications.
5. What instruction should a nurse include when teaching a client who has recently been prescribed a low-sodium diet?
- A. Avoid foods such as smoked meats and frozen dinners.
- B. Select foods with less than 4g of sodium as indicated on food labels.
- C. Use soy sauce for flavoring foods instead of table salt.
- D. Processed and prepared foods are typically low in sodium.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, which directs the client to avoid foods such as smoked meats and frozen dinners. These types of foods are typically high in sodium, making them unsuitable for a low-sodium diet. Option B is incorrect because foods with less than 4g of sodium might still be high in sodium for individuals on low-sodium diets. The daily recommended intake of sodium for a low-sodium diet is usually around 1.5g to 2g. Hence, 4g of sodium in a single food product can be excessive. Option C is incorrect as soy sauce, although a different source of flavor, is also high in sodium and should be used sparingly, if at all, in a low-sodium diet. Option D is incorrect because processed and prepared foods are usually not low in sodium. In fact, these foods often have high sodium content due to added salts and preservatives.
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