Free Obstetrics and Pediatrics practice for ATI Pediatrics Proctored Exam 2023 Quizlet (ATI RN). Answer 68 nursing exam-style questions with rationales, exam mo
A nurse is teaching a parent of a child who has asthma. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The nurse should instruct the parent to use a peak flow meter daily to monitor the child’s respiratory status and detect early signs of an asthma attack.
A preschool-age child is admitted to the hospital with acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis (APIGN). Which is the priority nursing diagnosis for this child?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The priority nursing diagnosis for a preschool-age child with acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis (APIGN) is 'Risk for Injury related to hypertension' due to the potential complications such as hypertensive encephalopathy. Hypertension poses an immediate threat to the child's well-being, making it crucial to address the risk for injury associated with elevated blood pressure as the top priority.
Prior to hydrotherapy treatment for wound debridement following a burn injury, which of the following actions should be taken?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
Corrected Rationale: Prior to hydrotherapy for wound debridement, it is crucial to administer an analgesic to the preschooler. The procedure is known to be extremely painful, and providing analgesia or sedation is essential to manage the discomfort and pain experienced by the child during the treatment. Choice A is incorrect because applying topical antimicrobial ointment is not a pre-procedural requirement but rather a post-procedure wound care step. Choice B is incorrect as placing a mesh gauze dressing does not address the pain management aspect. Choice D is also incorrect as prophylactic antibiotic therapy is not the primary intervention needed before hydrotherapy for wound debridement.
A 6-year-old child with daytime enuresis complains of dysuria and urgency. What does the nurse recognize these signs and symptoms indicate?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The signs and symptoms of dysuria and urgency in a child with daytime enuresis typically indicate a urinary tract infection (UTI). These symptoms, along with urinary frequency and pain during urination, are common manifestations of a UTI in children. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia, rather than dysuria and urgency. Acute glomerulonephritis presents with hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, and oliguria, not dysuria and urgency. Vesicoureteral reflux can lead to recurrent UTIs but does not directly cause dysuria and urgency.
A nurse is caring for a school-age child with primary nephrotic syndrome who is taking prednisone. After 1 week of treatment, which manifestation indicates to the nurse that the medication is effective?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
In a child with nephrotic syndrome, the presence of edema is due to fluid retention caused by protein loss in the urine. Prednisone, a corticosteroid, helps reduce inflammation and decrease the loss of protein in the urine, leading to a decrease in edema. Therefore, decreased edema is an indication that the prednisone treatment is effective in managing the nephrotic syndrome. Increased abdominal girth would indicate fluid retention and worsening of the condition. Decreased appetite is a nonspecific symptom and not a direct indicator of prednisone efficacy. Increased protein in the urine would indicate ongoing renal impairment and the ineffectiveness of the treatment.
A child is being assessed for possible appendicitis with perforation. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
In a child with appendicitis and possible perforation, the nurse should expect bradycardia due to peritoneal irritation. Bradycardia is a common response to peritoneal inflammation or infection, indicating a possible serious complication. Hyperactive bowel sounds, abdominal distension, and hypoactive bowel sounds are more commonly associated with other gastrointestinal conditions and are less likely to be present in a child with appendicitis and perforation. Therefore, the correct answer is bradycardia (D) as it aligns with the expected physiological response in this scenario.
A school-age child has peripheral edema. Which of the following assessments should the nurse perform to confirm peripheral edema?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
To confirm peripheral edema in a child, the nurse should palpate the dorsum of the child's feet by pressing a fingertip against a bony prominence for 5 seconds. This assessment helps detect the presence of pitting edema, which is characterized by an indentation that remains after the pressure is released.
A child has Wilms' tumor and is scheduled for surgery. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
Palpating the abdomen of a child with Wilms' tumor should be avoided to prevent the risk of rupturing the tumor and spreading cancer cells. This action is crucial to maintain the child's safety and prevent potential complications before surgery.
The healthcare provider is assessing abdominal girth for a pediatric client who presents with abdominal distension. Which nursing action is appropriate?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
Measuring the girth around the largest portion of the abdomen ensures accurate assessment and tracking of abdominal distension. This method provides a more comprehensive measurement and helps healthcare providers monitor changes effectively.
The healthcare provider is explaining to a 17-year-old female the actions to prevent urinary tract infection. Which is the best beverage for the healthcare provider to recommend to keep urine acidic?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
To maintain the acidity of urine and potentially prevent urinary tract infections, juices such as apple or cranberry are recommended due to their ability to create an acidic environment in the urinary tract that may help inhibit bacterial growth.
A parent of a child with cystic fibrosis is being taught about dietary guidelines. Which statement by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The correct answer is A. For a child with cystic fibrosis, a high-calorie, high-protein diet is recommended to meet the increased metabolic needs associated with the condition. The protein helps with growth and repair, while the extra calories help compensate for malabsorption and increased energy requirements. Choice B is incorrect because eggs are a good source of protein and essential nutrients unless the child has a specific allergy. Choice C is incorrect as a low-fat, low-sodium diet is not typically recommended for children with cystic fibrosis who need higher calorie and fat intake. Choice D is incorrect because while a high-protein diet is beneficial, a high-fiber diet may not be suitable for a child with cystic fibrosis due to potential gastrointestinal issues.
Which statement best reflects the role of the therapeutic relationship in fostering positive behaviors in children?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
A strong therapeutic relationship can significantly influence the development of positive behaviors in children. When a child feels connected, understood, and supported by a therapist, it can lead to better outcomes in promoting positive behaviors and emotional well-being.
A caregiver is providing teaching about car seat use to the mother of a six-month-old infant. Which of the following statements by the mother indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The correct answer is A. Lower anchors and tethers, known as the LATCH child safety seat system, should be used to secure an infant's car seat in the vehicle. This system provides a safer and more secure way of installing the car seat compared to using the seat belt alone. Using the lower anchors and tethers ensures proper installation and reduces the risk of car seat movement during travel, providing optimal protection for the infant. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Choice B is incorrect because the car seat harness should be positioned at or below the baby's shoulders, not above. Choice C is incorrect because the car seat should be positioned at the correct recline angle recommended by the car seat manufacturer, which may not necessarily be 90 degrees. Choice D is incorrect because adding padding like a blanket to the car seat is not recommended as it can interfere with the proper fit and function of the car seat, potentially compromising the safety of the infant.
A school-age child is 2 hours postoperative following a tonsillectomy. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
After a tonsillectomy, applying an ice collar to the child's neck helps decrease pain and swelling. Heat should be avoided as it can increase bleeding. Encouraging coughing may increase the risk of bleeding. Administering analgesics on a regular schedule is essential for pain management, but the immediate postoperative period may require additional interventions like ice collar application.
A healthcare professional is planning care for an infant who has a colostomy. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional take?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
When caring for an infant with a colostomy, it is essential to apply barrier ointment to the skin around the stoma. This helps in preventing skin breakdown and irritation caused by exposure to stool or urine. Changing the ostomy pouch as needed, using appropriate cleaning supplies such as warm water and mild soap (avoiding harsh chemicals like alcohol), and ensuring gentle cleaning of the stoma with a soft cloth or gauze are also important steps in colostomy care. Using baby wipes may not be recommended as they can contain chemicals that may irritate the sensitive skin around the stoma.
What important information should the nurse provide to a patient taking a tetracycline antibiotic?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The correct answer is D. Tetracycline antibiotics can bind to calcium in dairy products, decreasing the absorption of the antibiotic. This may result in reduced effectiveness of the medication. Additionally, tetracycline antibiotics can cause permanent staining of teeth, especially in children below 8 years of age and in pregnant women. Therefore, it is crucial for the patient to be aware of this potential side effect and to discuss any concerns with their healthcare provider. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because tetracycline antibiotics should be taken with food to reduce gastrointestinal upset, exposure to sunlight is not a significant concern with tetracycline antibiotics, and the issue with dairy products is related to calcium binding and reduced absorption rather than an issue of empty stomach intake.
When receiving change-of-shift report for children, which child should the nurse assess first?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The nurse should assess the toddler with a concussion and an episode of forceful vomiting first when receiving change-of-shift report for children. Forceful vomiting in a toddler with a concussion indicates increased intracranial pressure, requiring immediate assessment and intervention to prevent further complications.
Which statement made by a parent of a child with nephrotic syndrome indicates an understanding of discharge teaching?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
In nephrotic syndrome, monitoring urine for protein is essential as it helps track the child's condition. Checking urine for protein should be done as part of the discharge teaching to keep a record of the child's urinary proteins and to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment plan. It is crucial for parents to understand this aspect of care to ensure proper management of the child's condition. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because getting a measles vaccine, stopping medication prematurely, and following a low-protein diet are not directly related to monitoring the child's condition and managing nephrotic syndrome.
A patient is taking a first-generation H1 blocker for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. It is most important for the nurse to assess for which adverse effect?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
Adverse Effect of Histamine – First Generation H1 blockers include dry mouth.
The patient taking warfarin for prevention of deep vein thrombosis has an INR of 1.2. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
An INR level of 1.2 is below the therapeutic range (2-3) for warfarin therapy. Therefore, the nurse should contact the healthcare provider to discuss the need for an increased dose to achieve the desired therapeutic range and prevent deep vein thrombosis effectively. Administering IV push protamine sulfate is used to reverse the effects of heparin, not warfarin. Continuing with the current prescription without addressing the subtherapeutic INR level may not effectively prevent deep vein thrombosis. Administering Vitamin K is indicated for warfarin overdose leading to excessive anticoagulation, not for a subtherapeutic INR level that is below the target range.
The patient with bipolar disorder is being treated with lithium and has a new prescription for captopril for hypertension. The combination of these two drugs makes which assessment particularly important?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
When captopril, an ACE inhibitor, is combined with lithium, it can lead to lithium accumulation. Therefore, monitoring lithium levels is crucial to prevent toxicity. While ACE inhibitors like captopril can cause hyperkalemia, renal insufficiency, and hypotension, the risk of these effects is not increased by the combination of lithium and captopril.
What type of characteristic is described in this scenario?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The scenario describes a temporary change in Ava's emotional state due to a specific event - the fight with her friend. This aligns with the definition of a situational characteristic, which is influenced by specific circumstances or events. Ava's sadness and tearfulness in this situation are not reflective of a permanent trait but rather a response to a particular situation. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. 'Mode Change' does not accurately describe the situation; 'Social' is too broad and does not specifically address Ava's emotional state change; 'Enduring' implies a long-lasting trait, which is not the case in this scenario.
A parent of a child with oral candidiasis is being taught by a nurse. Which statement by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
Boiling the nipples and pacifiers for 20 minutes each day is an appropriate measure to prevent reinfection of oral candidiasis. This practice helps eliminate the Candida fungus from these items, reducing the risk of the child getting reinfected. It is crucial for the parent to follow this hygienic practice consistently to ensure the child's recovery and prevent the spread of the infection.
What is it called when the therapist adjusts the difficulty level of an activity to match the child's abilities by bringing a toy closer for them to successfully reach and grasp during therapy?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The correct answer is C: Grading. Grading involves adjusting the difficulty level of an activity to match the child's abilities. Bringing a toy closer for easier reach is an example of grading in therapy, helping the child succeed in reaching and grasping the toy within their current capabilities. Choice A, Compensating, implies making up for a deficit, which is not the case here. Choice B, Adapting, suggests changing the activity itself, not just the difficulty level. Choice D, Modifying, indicates altering the toy or the task itself, rather than adjusting the task's difficulty level.
A parent is receiving discharge teaching following their infant's hypospadias repair. Which instruction should the parent follow?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
After hypospadias repair, it is essential to avoid giving the infant a tub bath for 1 week to prevent infection and promote proper healing. Submerging the surgical site in water too soon can increase the risk of infection and compromise the healing process.
A toddler is admitted to the surgical unit for a planned closure of a temporary colostomy. Which medical prescription should the nurse question?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The correct answer is C. Rectal temperatures should be avoided in a toddler with a colostomy due to the risk of injury. Choices A, B, and D are appropriate medical prescriptions for a toddler undergoing colostomy closure. Choice A ensures the toddler's intake of clear liquids before being made NPO, choice B prepares for possible blood transfusion needs, and choice D initiates intravenous hydration with D5NS at an appropriate rate.
Which type of play involves actions such as looking and touching the mother's face, putting hands in one's mouth, and responding to familiar people?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
Exploratory play is characterized by exploring sensory experiences and learning about the environment. In this type of play, infants engage in activities like looking, touching, and responding to familiar stimuli to understand the world around them.
When preparing to insert an intravenous catheter for a 7-year-old child, which of the following actions should a healthcare professional take?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
Applying an anesthetic cream to the insertion site 1 hr before the procedure is crucial when inserting an intravenous catheter in a child to minimize pain and discomfort during the procedure. This practice is especially important in pediatric patients to ensure a more comfortable experience and improve cooperation during the insertion process. Choice B is incorrect as a 16-gauge needle is too large for a child, and a smaller gauge needle is typically used. Choice C is incorrect as the catheter should be inserted into a suitable vein, not specifically the dominant hand vein. Choice D is incorrect as metacarpal veins are usually avoided due to their small size and the potential for complications.
A child receives a vaccine for MMR. Six hours after the injection, the child’s parent reports local soreness, erythema, lethargy, and a fever of 101°F to a nurse. Which action should the nurse take?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
Low-grade fever, malaise, and muscle aches are common reactions. Acetaminophen usually alleviates these problems. MMR is a live vaccine but it is attenuated or completely avirulent and does not cause measles in healthy children, only immunocompromised children.
A child with glomerulonephritis receiving corticosteroid treatment requires dietary teaching. What instruction should the nurse provide to the parent?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The correct answer is to offer the child a variety of fresh fruits. Glomerulonephritis and corticosteroid use can lead to potassium depletion. Fresh fruits are a good source of potassium, which can help counteract the depletion caused by corticosteroids. Encouraging a variety of fresh fruits can provide necessary nutrients and help maintain a balanced diet for the child.
How does an occupational therapist use clinical guidelines to inform practice with children and youth?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
When using clinical guidelines to inform practice with children and youth, it is crucial for occupational therapists to not solely rely on the most recent guidelines but to consider the individual needs and contexts of each client. Selecting guidelines based solely on recency without considering the specific client can lead to ineffective or inappropriate interventions.
As a result of opioid administration, a child's respirations are slow and shallow. Which should the nurse anticipate when assessing the child's arterial blood gas?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
When a child's respirations are slow and shallow due to opioid administration, it results in hypoventilation. This leads to retaining carbon dioxide, indicated by an increased PCO2 level on arterial blood gas analysis, and subsequently causes respiratory acidosis due to the buildup of CO2 in the blood. Therefore, choice A, 'Increased PCO2 and respiratory acidosis,' is the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because slow and shallow respirations would not lead to decreased PCO2 or respiratory alkalosis (choice B), low pH and low PCO2 (choice C), or high pH and high PCO2 (choice D).
Which model of practice emphasizes the child's subjective experience of their abilities?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) emphasizes the child's subjective experience of their abilities, focusing on their motivation, roles, habits, and routines. It considers how these factors influence their occupational performance. MOHO helps occupational therapists understand how a child's perceptions of their abilities impact their engagement in meaningful activities and occupations.
Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching plan for a patient being started on levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet) for newly diagnosed Parkinson’s disease?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
Postural hypotension is common early in treatment, so the patient should be instructed to change positions slowly. Administration with meals should be avoided, if possible, because food delays the absorption of the levodopa component. If the patient is experiencing side effects of nausea and vomiting, administration with food may be considered. The levodopa component may darken urine. Carbidopa has no adverse effects of its own.
A healthcare professional is reviewing the laboratory report of an infant who is receiving treatment for severe dehydration. The professional should identify which of the following laboratory values indicates effectiveness of the current treatment?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
A sodium level of 140 mEq/L within the expected reference range indicates effective treatment for dehydration. In dehydration, sodium levels are often elevated, so a normal sodium level suggests that the treatment is helping to restore the electrolyte balance in the infant's body.
A nurse assesses a male patient who has developed gynecomastia while receiving treatment for peptic ulcers. Which medication from the patient’s history should the nurse recognize as a contributing factor?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
Cimetidine binds to androgen receptors, producing receptor blockade, which can cause enlarged breast tissue, reduced libido, and impotence. All these effects reverse when dosing stops. Amoxicillin, metronidazole, and omeprazole are not associated with gynecomastia.
A nurse is providing dietary teaching to the parent of a school-age child with cystic fibrosis. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The parent should provide a well-balanced diet that is high in protein and calories for a child with cystic fibrosis. This diet helps meet the child's increased energy requirements. Offering high-protein meals and snacks throughout the day is essential to ensure adequate nutrition and energy intake for children with cystic fibrosis. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because children with cystic fibrosis actually need a higher fat intake for proper absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, sodium chloride supplementation is not a general recommendation for all children with cystic fibrosis, and carbohydrate needs are usually based on maintaining adequate weight and growth rather than daily activities.
A patient taking isotretinoin (Accutane) for acne vulgaris. Which statement indicates that the patient teaching has been effective?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The correct answer is A. Isotretinoin is highly teratogenic, which means it can cause birth defects. Therefore, it is crucial for patients, especially females of childbearing potential, to use effective forms of birth control to prevent pregnancy while taking this medication. This is a key component of patient teaching to ensure the safe use of isotretinoin. Choice B is incorrect because discontinuing isotretinoin abruptly can lead to a flare-up of acne. Choice C is incorrect because increasing vitamin A intake can be harmful due to the risk of hypervitaminosis A. Choice D is incorrect because isotretinoin makes the skin more sensitive to sunlight, so sunblock is essential to prevent sunburn and skin damage.
What is the last step in interpersonal reasoning?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The last step in interpersonal reasoning involves gathering feedback. Once you have gone through the process of anticipating, choosing a response or mode sequence, and determining if a mode shift is required, the final step is to gather feedback to assess the effectiveness of your interaction and make any necessary adjustments.
Which law provides for infants and toddlers aged 0-2 who are in need of comprehensive early intervention services?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The correct answer is D, IDEA Part C. IDEA Part C specifically focuses on providing early intervention services to infants and toddlers with disabilities. This law ensures that children aged 0-2 receive the necessary support and services to aid in their development and address any disabilities or developmental delays early on. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. IDEA Part B pertains to services for school-aged children with disabilities, IDEA Part A does not exist in the context of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), and IFSP stands for Individualized Family Service Plan, which is a document outlining services for children from birth to age 3 who are experiencing developmental delays or disabilities, but it is not a law in itself.
The healthcare professional is preparing to administer an immunization to a four-year-old child. Which of the following actions should the professional plan to take?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
When administering an immunization to a four-year-old child, it is important to use a 24-gauge needle to minimize pain and discomfort for the child. Thicker needles can cause more pain and tissue trauma. Using a thinner needle like a 24-gauge is appropriate for pediatric immunizations. Placing the child in a prone position for immunization is not recommended as it can be uncomfortable and may not allow for proper access to the injection site. Having the caregiver stay in the room during the immunization is beneficial for support and comfort for the child. Injecting the immunization slowly without aspirating is correct, as aspirating before administering the immunization is not required for intramuscular injections in current practice.
A child is being treated for dehydration with intravenous fluids. The child currently weighs 13 kg and is estimated to have lost 7% of his normal body weight. The nurse is double-checking the IV rate the healthcare provider prescribed. The formula the healthcare provider used was for maintenance fluids: 1000 mL for 10 kg of body weight plus 50 mL for every kilogram over 10 for 24 hours. Replacement fluid is the percentage of lost body weight × 10 per kg of body weight. According to the calculation for maintenance plus replacement fluid, which hourly IV rate will the nurse implement for 24 hours?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
For 13 kg, the maintenance fluid is 1150 mL (1000 mL for first 10 kg + 3*50 mL for the remaining 3 kg). Replacement fluid is 910 mL (0.07 * 13000 mL). Total fluid is 2060 mL, divided by 24 hours is 86 mL/hr.
The healthcare provider should question an order for glucocorticoids in the treatment of a patient with what condition?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
Glucocorticoids are contraindicated in the treatment of a patient with systemic fungal infection or in patients receiving live vaccines due to their immunosuppressive effects. Glucocorticoids can exacerbate fungal infections by suppressing the immune response. While caution is advised in patients with diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis, and glaucoma, the presence of a systemic fungal infection warrants questioning the use of glucocorticoids to prevent worsening of the fungal infection.
For which patient diagnosis would a prescription for nifedipine be least appropriate?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
Nifedipine primarily acts as a calcium channel blocker, exerting its effects on vascular smooth muscle. It is not effective for treating dysrhythmias like Atrial Fibrillation, which involve abnormalities in the heart's electrical system. Nifedipine is commonly prescribed for conditions such as angina pectoris, essential hypertension, and vasospastic angina due to its vasodilatory and anti-anginal properties. Choices A, B, and D are more appropriate as nifedipine can help in managing angina pectoris, hypertension, and vasospastic angina by reducing myocardial oxygen demand and dilating coronary arteries.
The nurse plans to closely monitor for which clinical manifestation after administering furosemide (Lasix)?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
High-ceiling diuretics, such as furosemide, are the most effective diuretic agents. They produce more loss of fluid and electrolytes than any others. A sudden loss of fluid can result in decreased BP. When BP drops, the pulse will probably increase rather than decrease.
When developing a home program for self-care, which approach is the most effective?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The most effective approach when developing a home program for self-care is to practice the new steps with the child until they are capable of independently carrying them out at home. This method ensures that the child has mastered the skills before transitioning to independent implementation. It is essential for the child's success in self-care activities and promotes their autonomy and confidence. Requiring the parent to practice the steps regularly and track progress, introducing new programs weekly, or having the parent teach the steps without practice may not be as beneficial in fostering the child's independence and skill acquisition.
A healthcare professional is assessing an infant who has heart failure. Which of the following findings should the healthcare professional expect?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
In infants with heart failure, one of the key manifestations is weight gain due to fluid retention. The heart's inability to pump effectively can lead to fluid buildup in the body, causing weight gain. Bounding pulses, hyperactivity, and increased urine output are not typically associated with heart failure in infants. Bounding pulses are associated with conditions like aortic regurgitation, hyperactivity can be a sign of other issues, and increased urine output is not a common finding in heart failure.
A nurse is planning care for a school-age child who has thrombocytopenia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The correct answer is B: 'Avoid venipunctures whenever possible.' Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by a low platelet count, which can lead to an increased risk of bleeding. Venipunctures can cause bleeding in these patients; therefore, they should be avoided whenever possible. Choice A is incorrect because aspirin should be avoided in patients with thrombocytopenia as it can further increase the risk of bleeding due to its antiplatelet effects. Choice C is incorrect because participating in contact sports can also increase the risk of injury and bleeding in a child with thrombocytopenia. Choice D is incorrect as ibuprofen, like aspirin, can also increase the risk of bleeding and should be avoided in these patients.
A healthcare professional is reviewing the laboratory results of a child who has nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following findings should the professional expect?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
In nephrotic syndrome, there is excessive loss of protein in the urine, leading to hypoalbuminemia. This results in decreased oncotic pressure, causing fluid to shift into the interstitial spaces, leading to edema. Hyperkalemia, polyuria, and hyperglycemia are not typically associated with nephrotic syndrome.
When conducting an initial feeding evaluation, the therapist asks the caregiver to bring the utensils, food, and high chair that they typically use. Which statement best reflects the therapist's reasoning for this?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
By having the caregiver bring the child's familiar utensils, food, and high chair, the therapist can observe the child's typical eating behaviors and challenges accurately. This provides valuable insights that help in tailoring appropriate interventions to address feeding issues effectively.
The healthcare provider is caring for a 9-month-old infant who just returned from the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) after a shunt placement for hydrocephalus. Which healthcare provider prescription should the nurse question?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
Elevating the head of the bed in a child with hydrocephalus can potentially increase intracranial pressure. This can be counterproductive and may lead to complications after shunt placement surgery. Keeping the head of the bed flat or slightly elevated is often recommended to optimize cerebral perfusion and reduce the risk of increased intracranial pressure.
Which food should be avoided by a child with acute glomerulonephritis to prevent hyperkalemia, as recommended by the nurse?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
Bananas are rich in potassium, which can contribute to hyperkalemia in individuals with acute glomerulonephritis. It is essential to limit potassium intake to prevent further complications associated with high potassium levels in the blood.
A patient who has PUD and is receiving magnesium hydroxide (MOM) is experiencing an increased number of BM. Which is the nurse’s priority action?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
MOM is a rapid-acting antacid with a prominent adverse effect of diarrhea. To compensate, it usually is administered in combo with aluminum hydroxide which promotes constipation. A reduction in dose might be necessary if the diarrhea is severe, but this is not a priority action. Increasing dietary fiber and keeping a stool count are appropriate actions to implement after adding an antacid to counteract the diarrhea effect.
A healthcare provider is assessing the pain level of a three-year-old toddler. Which of the following pain assessment scales should the healthcare provider use?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The healthcare provider should use the FACES pain rating scale for pediatric clients who are 3 years old and older. This scale allows the toddler to point to the face that depicts the current level of pain, making it a suitable choice for non-verbal or young children who may have difficulty expressing their pain verbally.
When educating a patient about sildenafil (Viagra), which adverse effect should be a priority for the patient to report to his prescriber?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The correct answer is 'C: Hearing loss.' In rare cases, Viagra has been associated with sudden hearing loss, typically in one ear, which can be partial or complete. Any onset of hearing problems while using Viagra should be reported promptly to the prescriber. It is recommended to discontinue the medication if it is used for erectile dysfunction. 'Flushing,' 'Diarrhea,' and 'Dyspepsia' are known adverse effects of Viagra but are generally less serious compared to hearing loss.
How do activity observation and analysis support pediatric occupational therapy intervention?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
Activity observation and analysis support pediatric occupational therapy intervention by synthesizing information obtained through observation to identify alternative methods of performing activities. This process assists in intervention planning by exploring different approaches to help children achieve their occupational therapy goals effectively.
Which frame of reference emphasizes techniques to teach children movement that resemble coaching?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The correct frame of reference that emphasizes techniques to teach children movement resembling coaching is Motor control/motor learning. This approach focuses on improving movement skills through techniques that are similar to coaching methods. It helps children develop and refine their motor skills in a structured and goal-oriented manner. Rehabilitation, Biomechanical, and Ayres' sensory integration have different emphases and objectives in therapy, making them incorrect choices for this question.
A caregiver is teaching a parent of a child with a new prescription for ferrous sulfate tablets. Which of the following instructions should the caregiver include in the teaching?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
It is important for the caregiver to instruct the parent to brush the child's teeth after administering ferrous sulfate to prevent staining of the teeth. Iron in ferrous sulfate can cause teeth discoloration, so brushing the child's teeth after taking the medication helps prevent this side effect.
When educating a parent of a child with HIV, which statement indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The correct answer is B because ensuring the child receives the prescribed antiretroviral medication at regular intervals is crucial in maintaining therapeutic levels and preventing drug resistance in a child with HIV. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because notifying the school about the condition, expecting yearly immunizations, and bringing the child in for yearly skin testing do not directly address the essential aspect of medication adherence, which is fundamental in managing HIV in children.
A nurse is providing teaching to the guardian of an infant about home safety. Which of the following statements by the guardian indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The nurse should instruct the guardian to keep the baby’s crib away from the radiator to prevent burns.
How should professionals communicate with parents and family members?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
When professionals communicate with parents and family members, it is essential to share information with all individuals who interact with the child, whether they are family members or not. This inclusive approach ensures that everyone involved in the child's care and well-being is well-informed and can provide support as needed. It is important to consider the broader network of individuals who play a role in the child's life to promote comprehensive and effective communication.
Which is NOT one of the functions of challenging behaviors?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
Challenging behaviors often serve functions related to avoiding, escaping, obtaining, or sensory needs. The question is asking for the function that does not typically apply to challenging behaviors. Choices A, B, C, and D align with the common functions associated with challenging behaviors. Therefore, 'E' is the correct answer as it does not represent a typical function of challenging behaviors.
When teaching an adolescent about managing tinea pedis, which statement indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
Wearing sandals allows air circulation around the feet, reducing perspiration and eliminating the environment for bacteria and fungus to thrive. This promotes the healing of the fungal infection. Therefore, the correct answer is B.
When teaching a parent of a child with contact dermatitis, which instruction should the nurse include?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The correct instruction for a child with contact dermatitis is to apply a thin layer of corticosteroid cream to the affected area. Corticosteroid cream helps reduce inflammation and itching associated with contact dermatitis. It is important to avoid using antibiotic ointment or rubbing the skin vigorously, as these can worsen the condition. Keeping the child's skin dry is generally a good practice, but in the case of contact dermatitis, corticosteroid cream application is more beneficial.
What is the next food texture after 'soft and bite-sized pieces of meltable and soft-solid foods'?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
After mastering soft and bite-sized pieces, children typically progress to regular table foods.
A parent of a school-age child is receiving discharge teaching following a cardiac catheterization. Which of the following instructions should be included by the nurse?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The correct instruction that the nurse should include is to keep the child on bed rest for 12 hours following a cardiac catheterization. This is important to prevent bleeding at the insertion site and ensure proper healing. Allowing the child to bathe soon after the procedure, maintaining a pressure dressing for only 8 hours, or resuming regular activities the day after the procedure can increase the risk of complications such as bleeding or infection.
Which statement is true regarding playful children?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
The correct statement is that playful children exhibit flexible problem-solving. Playful children often engage in creative and imaginative thinking, allowing them to approach problems in unique ways. This fosters better problem-solving abilities compared to those who may be more rigid in their thinking. Choice B is incorrect as there is no direct correlation between being playful and having low intelligence scores. Choice C is incorrect as playful children may thrive in environments that encourage creativity rather than rigid rules. Choice D is incorrect as being playful does not necessarily equate to poor academic performance.
A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a school-age child who is experiencing an anaphylactic reaction. Which of the following is the priority action by the nurse?
Select the best answer.
Explanation:
In the management of anaphylaxis, the priority action for the nurse is to administer IM epinephrine to the child. Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis as it helps reverse the severe manifestations of the reaction by constricting blood vessels, relaxing airway muscles, and decreasing hives and swelling. Elevating the head of the child's bed may be beneficial for respiratory distress but is not the priority over administering epinephrine. Inserting a large-bore IV catheter may be necessary for fluid resuscitation but is not the initial priority. Identifying the allergen is important for prevention and future management but is not the immediate action needed in the acute phase of an anaphylactic reaction.
Your time is up
You’ve reached the end of your allocated time, but you can still review the questions and continue navigating the exam.
Restart exam?
Reset progress and restart the exam? Your current score will be saved before your answers are cleared.