ATI RN
ATI Pediatrics Proctored Exam 2023 Quizlet
1. When teaching a parent of a toddler with congenital heart disease, which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Offer small, frequent meals.
- B. Limit the toddler's physical activity.
- C. Provide a low-sodium diet.
- D. Monitor the toddler's intake and output.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction for a parent of a toddler with congenital heart disease is to offer small, frequent meals. This recommendation helps reduce the cardiac workload on the child's heart and supports easier digestion and nutrient absorption, promoting the child's overall health. Limiting physical activity (choice B) may be necessary but is not the priority in this case. While offering a low-sodium diet (choice C) can be beneficial, it is not the most critical instruction. Monitoring the toddler's intake and output (choice D) is important but not as essential as providing small, frequent meals to support the child's heart health.
2. What important information should the nurse provide to a patient taking a tetracycline antibiotic?
- A. Take the medication on an empty stomach.
- B. Avoid exposure to sunlight and tanning beds.
- C. Do not take the medication with milk or other dairy products.
- D. The medication may cause permanent staining of your teeth.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Tetracycline antibiotics can bind to calcium in dairy products, decreasing the absorption of the antibiotic. This may result in reduced effectiveness of the medication. Additionally, tetracycline antibiotics can cause permanent staining of teeth, especially in children below 8 years of age and in pregnant women. Therefore, it is crucial for the patient to be aware of this potential side effect and to discuss any concerns with their healthcare provider. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because tetracycline antibiotics should be taken with food to reduce gastrointestinal upset, exposure to sunlight is not a significant concern with tetracycline antibiotics, and the issue with dairy products is related to calcium binding and reduced absorption rather than an issue of empty stomach intake.
3. Which statement best reflects a top-down approach to the evaluation process?
- A. OT focuses on evaluating the child's poor performance in hand skills
- B. OT conducts an assessment to determine a motor age for fine motor and gross motor skills
- C. OT initiates by interviewing the family about routines, interests, and daily habits
- D. OT starts by assessing muscle tone, postural control, and range of motion
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A top-down evaluation approach in occupational therapy begins with understanding the child's daily life, family routines, interests, and habits to ensure that the therapy provided is relevant and meaningful within the child's natural environment. By initiating the evaluation process with family interviews to gather contextual information, the occupational therapist gains a comprehensive view of the child's life, which allows for a more holistic and client-centered approach. Choice A focuses solely on the child's poor performance in hand skills, which is more characteristic of a bottom-up approach. Choice B mentions determining a motor age, which is not necessarily aligned with a top-down assessment. Choice D emphasizes physical assessments like muscle tone and range of motion, which are important but do not capture the essence of a top-down approach that considers the child's environment and routines.
4. The patient taking spironolactone (Aldactone) makes a statement indicating effective teaching. Which statement shows understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will use salt substitutes to lower my sodium intake
- B. I will increase my intake of foods that are high in potassium
- C. I will call my doctor if I begin having menstrual irregularities
- D. I will take this medication at bedtime each evening
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can cause endocrine effects like menstrual irregularities. Therefore, the patient recognizing the need to report such changes indicates effective teaching. Choices A and B are incorrect as salt substitutes and high-potassium foods should be avoided with spironolactone. Choice D is also incorrect because diuretics, including spironolactone, are ideally taken in the morning to prevent disturbances in sleep due to nocturia.
5. A child is being cared for by a nurse and has rheumatic fever. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
- A. Administer aspirin to the child as prescribed based on the healthcare provider's instructions.
- B. Encourage adequate fluid intake for the child.
- C. Elevate the child's joints and provide warm compresses.
- D. Monitor the child's heart rate for dysrhythmias.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Rheumatic fever can lead to cardiac complications, such as dysrhythmias. Therefore, it is essential for the nurse to monitor the child's heart rate closely for any signs of dysrhythmias. This will help in early identification and prompt management of potential cardiac issues associated with rheumatic fever. Choices A, B, and C are not the priority actions in this scenario. While aspirin may be used in the treatment of rheumatic fever, monitoring for cardiac complications takes precedence. Encouraging fluid intake and providing warm compresses are helpful interventions but do not directly address the cardiac risks associated with rheumatic fever.
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