ATI RN
ATI Pediatrics Proctored Exam 2023 Quizlet
1. While auscultating the lungs of an adolescent with asthma, what should the nurse identify the sound as?
- A. Biots respiration
- B. Chaney-Stokes respiration
- C. Tachypnea
- D. Bradypnea
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should identify the sound heard during auscultation as tachypnea, which is characterized by a rapid, regular breathing pattern. In the case of an adolescent with asthma, tachypnea can be indicative of increased work of breathing due to airway constriction and inflammation. Biots respiration (choice A) is characterized by an irregular pattern of breathing with periods of apnea. Chaney-Stokes respiration (choice B) is a pattern of breathing characterized by alternating periods of deep, rapid breathing followed by periods of apnea. Bradypnea (choice D) refers to an abnormally slow breathing rate, which is not typically associated with asthma exacerbation.
2. During a home care visit for an infant diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux, which parental action observed requires intervention by the nurse?
- A. The infant's formula is mixed with rice cereal.
- B. The mother positions the infant in a high Fowler position while feeding.
- C. After feeding, the infant is placed in a car seat.
- D. The mother administers ranitidine (Zantac) to the infant using a syringe.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Placing an infant diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux in a car seat after feeding can increase the risk of reflux and aspiration. The semi-upright or high Fowler position is recommended to help reduce reflux symptoms during feeding. Adding rice cereal to formula can help thicken it and reduce reflux episodes. Administering ranitidine using a syringe is a common method of oral medication administration. Therefore, the action of placing the infant in a car seat after feeding is the one that requires intervention due to the increased risk it poses.
3. A patient is 1 hour postoperative following an open reduction internal fixation of the left tibia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Assess neurovascular status of the extremities every 4 hours
- B. Monitor the patient's pain level every 8 hours
- C. Assist the patient to the bathroom every 2 hours
- D. Keep the patient's left leg elevated on two pillows
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take 1 hour postoperative following an open reduction internal fixation of the left tibia is to assess neurovascular status of the extremities every 4 hours. This frequent assessment is crucial to monitor for any signs of complications such as impaired circulation or nerve damage. Monitoring every 4 hours allows for early detection of any issues, enabling timely intervention and prevention of potential complications. Monitoring the patient's pain level every 8 hours (choice B) is not as immediate or essential for postoperative care. Assisting the patient to the bathroom every 2 hours (choice C) may not be necessary if the patient is not ambulatory yet. Keeping the patient's left leg elevated on two pillows (choice D) can be beneficial but is not the priority in the immediate postoperative period compared to assessing neurovascular status.
4. Which statement most reflects the observation that the infant sleeps soundly, awakens on his own, and maintains a quiet alert state?
- A. This is atypical behavior and should be addressed
- B. The infant should remain on high alert when awake
- C. This shows the infant is making neurological gains
- D. The family is disrupting the child's sleep patterns
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A quiet alert state in infants indicates positive neurological development. It showcases the infant's ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles and maintain an optimal state for learning and interaction. Therefore, observing an infant who sleeps soundly, awakens on his own, and stays in a quiet alert state is a reassuring sign of neurological gains and healthy development. Choice A is incorrect as it misinterprets normal behavior as atypical. Choice B is incorrect as it suggests the infant should be on high alert, which is not developmentally appropriate. Choice D is incorrect as it falsely blames the family for disrupting the child's sleep patterns, whereas the scenario described indicates positive neurological growth.
5. When educating a parent of a child with HIV, which statement indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will notify my child's school about their condition.
- B. I will give my child the prescribed antiretroviral medication at regular intervals.
- C. I will expect my child to receive yearly immunizations.
- D. I will bring my child in for yearly skin testing.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because ensuring the child receives the prescribed antiretroviral medication at regular intervals is crucial in maintaining therapeutic levels and preventing drug resistance in a child with HIV. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because notifying the school about the condition, expecting yearly immunizations, and bringing the child in for yearly skin testing do not directly address the essential aspect of medication adherence, which is fundamental in managing HIV in children.
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