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ATI Pediatrics Proctored Exam 2023 Quizlet
1. Which statement best reflects a top-down approach to the evaluation process?
- A. OT focuses on evaluating the child's poor performance in hand skills
- B. OT conducts an assessment to determine a motor age for fine motor and gross motor skills
- C. OT initiates by interviewing the family about routines, interests, and daily habits
- D. OT starts by assessing muscle tone, postural control, and range of motion
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A top-down evaluation approach in occupational therapy begins with understanding the child's daily life, family routines, interests, and habits to ensure that the therapy provided is relevant and meaningful within the child's natural environment. By initiating the evaluation process with family interviews to gather contextual information, the occupational therapist gains a comprehensive view of the child's life, which allows for a more holistic and client-centered approach. Choice A focuses solely on the child's poor performance in hand skills, which is more characteristic of a bottom-up approach. Choice B mentions determining a motor age, which is not necessarily aligned with a top-down assessment. Choice D emphasizes physical assessments like muscle tone and range of motion, which are important but do not capture the essence of a top-down approach that considers the child's environment and routines.
2. When educating a parent of a child with HIV, which statement indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will notify my child's school about their condition.
- B. I will give my child the prescribed antiretroviral medication at regular intervals.
- C. I will expect my child to receive yearly immunizations.
- D. I will bring my child in for yearly skin testing.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because ensuring the child receives the prescribed antiretroviral medication at regular intervals is crucial in maintaining therapeutic levels and preventing drug resistance in a child with HIV. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because notifying the school about the condition, expecting yearly immunizations, and bringing the child in for yearly skin testing do not directly address the essential aspect of medication adherence, which is fundamental in managing HIV in children.
3. During a home care visit for an infant diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux, which parental action observed requires intervention by the nurse?
- A. The infant's formula is mixed with rice cereal.
- B. The mother positions the infant in a high Fowler position while feeding.
- C. After feeding, the infant is placed in a car seat.
- D. The mother administers ranitidine (Zantac) to the infant using a syringe.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Placing an infant diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux in a car seat after feeding can increase the risk of reflux and aspiration. The semi-upright or high Fowler position is recommended to help reduce reflux symptoms during feeding. Adding rice cereal to formula can help thicken it and reduce reflux episodes. Administering ranitidine using a syringe is a common method of oral medication administration. Therefore, the action of placing the infant in a car seat after feeding is the one that requires intervention due to the increased risk it poses.
4. The 6-year-old child scheduled for an orchiopexy shyly asks the nurse, 'What are they going to do to me 'down there'? What is the nurse's best response?
- A. They are going to fix you up 'down there'.
- B. They will move your testicle from your abdomen to your scrotum.
- C. What do you think your doctor is going to do?
- D. You shouldn't worry. Your doctor knows exactly what to do.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should encourage the child to express his thoughts and feelings about the upcoming surgery. This approach helps the child feel heard and understood while providing an opportunity to address any misconceptions or fears. By asking the child what he thinks the doctor will do, the nurse engages the child in a conversation that can help alleviate anxiety and build trust. School-age children often have fears related to bodily harm, and open communication can help alleviate such concerns. Choices A and D do not encourage open communication or address the child's concerns directly. Choice B provides too much detail that may overwhelm the child and is not age-appropriate for a 6-year-old.
5. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching plan for a patient being started on levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet) for newly diagnosed Parkinson�s disease?
- A. Take medication on a full stomach
- B. Change positions slowly
- C. The drug may cause the urine to be very dilute
- D. Carbidopa has many adverse effects
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Postural hypotension is common early in treatment, so the patient should be instructed to change positions slowly. Administration with meals should be avoided, if possible, because food delays the absorption of the levodopa component. If the patient is experiencing side effects of nausea and vomiting, administration with food may be considered. The levodopa component may darken urine. Carbidopa has no adverse effects of its own.
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