ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2024
1. When educating a client with a new prescription for Atorvastatin to treat Hyperlipidemia, which instruction should the nurse include?
- A. Take this medication in the morning.
- B. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice.
- C. Increase your intake of green, leafy vegetables.
- D. Expect your stools to turn clay-colored.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction for the nurse to include when educating a client with a new prescription for Atorvastatin to treat Hyperlipidemia is to avoid drinking grapefruit juice. Grapefruit juice can increase the blood levels of atorvastatin, leading to an elevated risk of serious side effects such as liver damage and muscle problems. It is essential for the client to be aware of this potential interaction and to follow the nurse's advice to avoid grapefruit juice while taking Atorvastatin. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Taking Atorvastatin in the morning is a common recommendation but not the priority over avoiding grapefruit juice. Increasing intake of green, leafy vegetables is generally a healthy dietary choice but is not specific to the medication. Expecting stools to turn clay-colored is not a common side effect of Atorvastatin.
2. When teaching a client with a new prescription for Lisinopril, which instruction should the nurse include?
- A. Take the medication with food.
- B. Expect a persistent, dry cough.
- C. Increase your intake of potassium-rich foods.
- D. Take the medication at bedtime.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Expect a persistent, dry cough.' Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, commonly causes a persistent, dry cough as a side effect. This should be reported to the healthcare provider if it becomes bothersome. It is essential for the nurse to educate the client about this potential side effect so the client is aware and can seek appropriate guidance if needed. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Taking Lisinopril with food is not required. Increasing potassium-rich foods is not a specific instruction for Lisinopril, and taking the medication at bedtime is not a typical recommendation associated with this medication.
3. What are the Therapeutic Effects of Lithium?
- A. Prevents or decreases the incidence of acute manic episodes
- B. Maintenance of blood glucose
- C. Control of hyperglycemia in diabetic patients
- D. Diminished seizure activity
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The therapeutic effect of lithium is that it prevents or decreases the incidence of acute manic episodes in patients with bipolar disorder. Lithium is commonly used as a mood stabilizer in the treatment of bipolar disorder due to its ability to reduce the frequency and severity of manic episodes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as lithium is not used for the maintenance of blood glucose, control of hyperglycemia in diabetic patients, or to diminish seizure activity. These effects are not associated with the use of lithium as a medication.
4. A client has a prescription for Alendronate. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take this medication before bed.
- B. Take the medication with food.
- C. Sit upright for at least 30 minutes after taking the medication.
- D. Expect to have frequent headaches while on this medication.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client prescribed Alendronate is to sit upright for at least 30 minutes after taking the medication. Alendronate can cause esophageal irritation, and maintaining an upright position helps prevent this adverse effect by reducing the risk of reflux of the medication into the esophagus. Choice A is incorrect because Alendronate should be taken in the morning, at least 30 minutes before the first food, beverage, or medication of the day with a full glass of plain water. Choice B is incorrect because Alendronate should not be taken with food. Choice D is incorrect because frequent headaches are not a common side effect of Alendronate.
5. A client has a new prescription for Clonidine. What instruction should the nurse include during teaching?
- A. Take the medication with food.
- B. Expect to feel drowsy or lightheaded.
- C. Increase your fluid intake.
- D. Avoid foods high in fat.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction when teaching a client about Clonidine is to expect to feel drowsy or lightheaded. Clonidine can cause these side effects, especially when starting the medication. The nurse should advise the client to avoid activities that require alertness until they understand how the medication affects them. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because taking Clonidine with food, increasing fluid intake, or avoiding foods high in fat are not specific instructions related to managing the side effects of Clonidine.
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