ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2024
1. A client has a new prescription for Metronidazole to treat an infection. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Avoid alcohol while taking this medication.
- B. Take this medication on an empty stomach.
- C. Increase your intake of dairy products while taking this medication.
- D. Avoid direct sunlight while taking this medication.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction is to avoid alcohol while taking Metronidazole. This is crucial to prevent a disulfiram-like reaction, which can result in severe nausea and vomiting. Alcohol should be avoided for at least 48 hours after completing the medication course as well. Choice B is incorrect because Metronidazole can be taken with food to reduce gastrointestinal side effects. Choice C is incorrect because there is no need to increase dairy product intake while on Metronidazole. Choice D is incorrect because there is no specific instruction to avoid direct sunlight while taking this medication.
2. When teaching a client who has a prescription for Lisinopril, which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take the medication at bedtime.
- B. Monitor for a persistent cough.
- C. Expect to have increased appetite.
- D. Avoid foods high in potassium.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Monitor for a persistent cough.' Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, can cause a persistent dry cough as a side effect. It is essential for the client to report this symptom to their healthcare provider for further evaluation and management. Choice A is incorrect because Lisinopril is typically taken in the morning. Choice C is incorrect as Lisinopril is not known to cause increased appetite. Choice D is also incorrect as Lisinopril can lead to increased potassium levels in the blood, so avoiding foods high in potassium is not necessary.
3. What are the Therapeutic Effects of Lithium?
- A. Prevents or decreases the incidence of acute manic episodes
- B. Maintenance of blood glucose
- C. Control of hyperglycemia in diabetic patients
- D. Diminished seizure activity
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The therapeutic effect of lithium is that it prevents or decreases the incidence of acute manic episodes in patients with bipolar disorder. Lithium is commonly used as a mood stabilizer in the treatment of bipolar disorder due to its ability to reduce the frequency and severity of manic episodes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as lithium is not used for the maintenance of blood glucose, control of hyperglycemia in diabetic patients, or to diminish seizure activity. These effects are not associated with the use of lithium as a medication.
4. Which of the following is commonly used to treat migraine headaches?
- A. Beta-blockers
- B. Cholinesterase Inhibitors
- C. ACE inhibitors
- D. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs)
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are often used in the management of migraine headaches due to their ability to help prevent or reduce the frequency and intensity of migraines. They work by stabilizing electrical activity in the brain, which can help in controlling migraine symptoms. While beta-blockers are also sometimes used in migraine prevention, anti-epileptic drugs are more commonly associated with migraine treatment. Cholinesterase Inhibitors are not typically used for migraine headaches, as they are more commonly associated with conditions like Alzheimer's disease. ACE inhibitors are a type of medication used to treat conditions like high blood pressure and heart failure, but they are not a first-line treatment for migraines.
5. A staff educator is reviewing medication dosages and factors that influence medication metabolism with a group of nurses at an in-service presentation. Which of the following factors should the educator include as a reason to administer lower medication dosages? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Increased renal secretion
- B. Increased medication-metabolizing enzymes
- C. Liver failure
- D. Peripheral vascular disease
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Liver failure impairs metabolism, leading to increased medication concentrations. When liver function is compromised, lower dosages are necessary to prevent adverse effects. Increased renal secretion is not a reason for lower medication dosages, as it primarily affects excretion rather than metabolism. Increased medication-metabolizing enzymes would usually require higher dosages to achieve the desired effect. Peripheral vascular disease does not directly impact medication metabolism or dosage requirements.
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