ATI RN
Psychology 2301 Exam 1
1. What is a culture-bound disorder?
- A. It is a disorder seen universally across all cultures.
- B. It is a disorder that exists in one culture but is completely absent in others.
- C. It is a disorder that only affects children.
- D. It is a disorder found exclusively within certain age groups.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A culture-bound disorder is a condition that is specific to a particular culture or group of cultures and is not universally recognized or experienced across different cultures. Choice A is incorrect because a culture-bound disorder is not seen universally across all cultures. Choice C is incorrect because it does not necessarily have to only affect children. Choice D is incorrect as a culture-bound disorder is not exclusively found within certain age groups, but rather tied to specific cultures.
2. The understanding of genetic influences on behavior may never be fully achieved due to ________.
- A. the ease of researching to differentiate between the effects of the environment and genes.
- B. the likelihood that most behaviors are determined by the interaction of many genes and the environment.
- C. the reliance on twin studies in genetic research.
- D. our significant understanding of how genes impact brain chemistry.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because most behaviors are influenced by the interaction of multiple genes and the environment. Choice A is incorrect because it suggests that researching the effects of the environment and genes is easy, which is not the case. Choice C is incorrect as it focuses on a specific method (twin studies) rather than the broader concept of gene-environment interaction. Choice D is incorrect as the statement implies a high level of understanding that contradicts the idea that genetic influences on behavior may never be fully understood.
3. What role does brain development play in psychopathology?
- A. Brain development has no impact on psychopathology.
- B. Brain development plays a crucial role in the onset of many mental disorders.
- C. Brain development is only linked to physical disabilities, not mental disorders.
- D. Brain development is not associated with mental health.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Brain development plays a crucial role in the onset of many mental disorders. It affects how the brain processes information and responds to stress, influencing the development of psychopathology. Choice A is incorrect as brain development does impact psychopathology. Choice C is incorrect as brain development is linked to mental disorders as well. Choice D is incorrect as brain development has implications for mental health.
4. How can attributional style influence the likelihood of developing depression?
- A. By fostering a positive attributional style, individuals can enhance their resilience against depression.
- B. Attributional style does not significantly influence the development of depression.
- C. By adopting a negative attributional style, individuals increase their vulnerability to depression.
- D. Attributional style influences the likelihood of developing depression by determining how individuals interpret and respond to events.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because attributional style plays a crucial role in influencing the likelihood of developing depression by shaping how individuals interpret and respond to events. A positive attributional style can indeed enhance resilience against depression by promoting adaptive coping mechanisms and positive interpretations of situations, which can buffer against the development of depressive symptoms. Conversely, a negative attributional style, characterized by attributing negative events to internal, stable, and global factors, can increase vulnerability to depression by fostering feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. Choices A and C provide accurate insights into how different attributional styles can impact the development of depression, making them incorrect. Choice B is incorrect as research indicates that attributional style does have a significant influence on the likelihood of developing depression.
5. Which of the following is a common effect of persistent discrimination?
- A. Increased happiness
- B. Greater intelligence and wisdom
- C. Cardiovascular reactivity
- D. Increased consciousness
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cardiovascular reactivity. Persistent discrimination can have negative impacts on an individual's physical health, leading to increased cardiovascular reactivity. This can manifest as higher blood pressure, heart rate, and overall stress on the cardiovascular system. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because persistent discrimination typically does not result in increased happiness, greater intelligence and wisdom, or increased consciousness. Instead, it often leads to detrimental effects on mental and physical health.
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