ATI RN
Psychology 2301 Exam 1
1. Which of the following perspectives focuses on social determinants of behavior?
- A. The attachment perspective
- B. The interpersonal perspective
- C. The humanistic perspective
- D. The existential perspective
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The interpersonal perspective focuses on social determinants of behavior, emphasizing the impact of social interactions, relationships, and communication on an individual's behavior. This perspective looks at how people's behavior is influenced by their interactions with others and the social environment. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not primarily focus on social determinants of behavior. The attachment perspective is concerned with emotional bonds between individuals, the humanistic perspective emphasizes personal growth and self-fulfillment, and the existential perspective focuses on individual freedom and responsibility in creating meaning in life.
2. What impact do parenting styles have on child development?
- A. Authoritarian parenting leads to positive developmental outcomes.
- B. Permissive parenting is associated with positive developmental outcomes.
- C. Neglectful parenting is associated with positive developmental outcomes.
- D. All parenting styles produce similar developmental outcomes.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Permissive parenting is associated with positive developmental outcomes because it involves warmth and a lack of strict control. Authoritarian parenting, as mentioned in choice A, is characterized by strict rules and harsh discipline, which may not lead to the best developmental outcomes. Neglectful parenting, as in choice C, involves a lack of responsiveness and support, which can have detrimental effects on a child's development. Choice D is incorrect because different parenting styles can have varying impacts on child development.
3. A predisposition toward developing a disorder is termed a ________.
- A. diathesis
- B. comorbidity
- C. genotype
- D. phenotype
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A diathesis is indeed the correct term for a predisposition toward developing a disorder. A diathesis refers to an underlying vulnerability or predisposition to a particular condition. Choice B, 'comorbidity,' refers to the presence of two or more disorders in the same individual. Choice C, 'genotype,' relates to an individual's genetic makeup. Choice D, 'phenotype,' refers to the observable characteristics of an organism resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. Therefore, A is the most appropriate term for describing a predisposition toward developing a disorder.
4. There is experimental evidence showing that consistently being discriminated against may cause a person to ________.
- A. be happy.
- B. be more conscious.
- C. have cardiovascular reactivity.
- D. have greater intelligence and wisdom.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'have cardiovascular reactivity.' Consistent discrimination can lead to increased cardiovascular reactivity, impacting heart health. Choice A ('be happy') is incorrect because discrimination typically causes distress and negative emotions. Choice B ('be more conscious') is not directly related to the impact of discrimination. Choice D ('have greater intelligence and wisdom') is also unrelated to the physiological response of cardiovascular reactivity caused by discrimination.
5. Which of the following statements is true?
- A. Most behavioral disorders are determined exclusively by genes.
- B. Genes play a role in most mental disorders.
- C. Genes do not affect biochemical processes.
- D. The genes that will be expressed in an individual are not affected by experience.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Genes play a role in most mental disorders.' This statement is true as genes do play a significant role in the development of various mental disorders. Choice A is incorrect because most behavioral disorders are influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and other factors, not exclusively genes. Choice C is incorrect as genes do affect biochemical processes. Choice D is incorrect because the expression of genes in an individual can be influenced by experiences and environmental factors, a concept known as gene-environment interaction.
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