ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Proctored
1. The ideal time to begin taking folate to prevent neural tube defects is:
- A. Before conception
- B. Once pregnancy begins
- C. At 6 weeks
- D. Upon completion of the first trimester
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Folate is crucial before conception to prevent neural tube defects. Neural tube development occurs early in pregnancy, often before a woman knows she is pregnant.
2. Overweight and obesity often accompany conditions such as _____ that limit mobility or result in short stature, which can lead to feeding difficulties.
- A. Parkinson's disease
- B. muscular dystrophy
- C. Down syndrome
- D. multiple sclerosis
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Down syndrome. Down syndrome is often associated with short stature and limited mobility, which can contribute to feeding difficulties and obesity. Parkinson's disease (choice A) primarily affects motor function, but it is not typically associated with short stature. Muscular dystrophy (choice B) primarily impacts muscle strength and does not necessarily lead to short stature. Multiple sclerosis (choice D) is a neurological condition affecting the central nervous system and does not directly cause short stature or feeding difficulties as seen in Down syndrome.
3. Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome are most likely associated with disturbed defecation, bloating, and _____.
- A. rectal bleeding
- B. abdominal pain
- C. rectal fissures
- D. esophageal paralysis
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Abdominal pain is a common symptom of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), along with bloating and changes in bowel habits. Rectal bleeding (choice A) is more commonly associated with conditions like inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer. Rectal fissures (choice C) may cause rectal bleeding but are not typically considered a core symptom of IBS. Esophageal paralysis (choice D) is unrelated to the symptoms of IBS, which primarily affect the lower gastrointestinal tract.
4. What laboratory value would be considered a high-risk measure for coronary heart disease assessment?
- A. triglycerides > 150 mg/dL
- B. BMI > 31
- C. LDL cholesterol < 128 mg/dL
- D. blood pressure of 128/82 mmHg
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: BMI > 31. A BMI over 31 is considered a high-risk factor for coronary heart disease as it indicates obesity, which is strongly linked to cardiovascular issues. Triglycerides > 150 mg/dL (choice A) can contribute to heart disease risk but are not as specific as BMI in assessing overall risk. LDL cholesterol < 128 mg/dL (choice C) is actually a desirable level, indicating lower risk. A blood pressure of 128/82 mmHg (choice D) is within normal range and not a high-risk measure specifically for coronary heart disease.
5. Which of the following is a common sign of vitamin D deficiency?
- A. Brittle nails
- B. Muscle weakness
- C. Night blindness
- D. Hair loss
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Muscle weakness is a common sign of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and bone health, and its deficiency can lead to muscle weakness. Brittle nails (Choice A) are not typically associated with vitamin D deficiency. Night blindness (Choice C) is related to vitamin A deficiency, not vitamin D deficiency. Hair loss (Choice D) can be linked to various factors, but it is not a common sign of vitamin D deficiency.
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