ATI RN
ATI Pathophysiology Exam 3
1. What causes osteoporosis?
- A. Poor nutrition in infancy
- B. Regularly weight-bearing exercise
- C. Bone loss, frequently during aging
- D. Cerebral palsy and associated disorders
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Osteoporosis is commonly caused by bone loss that occurs with aging, leading to brittle bones. Choice A, poor nutrition in infancy, is not a direct cause of osteoporosis. Choice B, regularly weight-bearing exercise, actually helps in maintaining bone density and strength, reducing the risk of osteoporosis. Choice D, cerebral palsy and associated disorders, is not a common cause of osteoporosis.
2. What function does aldosterone serve in the body?
- A. Aldosterone causes a release of sodium from the body, decreases fluid volume, and decreases blood pressure
- B. Aldosterone causes a retention of sodium in the body, increases fluid volume, and increases blood pressure
- C. Aldosterone causes a release of sodium from the body, increases fluid volume, and decreases blood pressure
- D. Aldosterone enhances intracellular sodium production and lowers blood pressure
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Aldosterone functions by causing the retention of sodium in the body, which results in an increase in fluid volume and blood pressure. Choice A is incorrect because aldosterone actually promotes sodium retention rather than release. Choice C is incorrect as it states that aldosterone decreases fluid volume, which is not accurate. Choice D is incorrect because aldosterone does not enhance intracellular sodium production; instead, it primarily acts on sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.
3. Which of the following would the nurse see in a client with thrombocytopenia?
- A. A decreased platelet cell count
- B. Decreased white blood cell count
- C. Increased red blood cell count
- D. An increased platelet cell count
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Thrombocytopenia is characterized by a decreased platelet cell count, leading to an increased risk of bleeding. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Choice B, a decreased white blood cell count, is not typically associated with thrombocytopenia. Choice C, an increased red blood cell count, is not a characteristic finding in thrombocytopenia. Choice D, an increased platelet cell count, is the opposite of what is observed in thrombocytopenia.
4. What part of the heart is responsible for starting the electrical impulse to conduct a heart rhythm and contraction of the atria and ventricles?
- A. The Purkinje fibers in the ventricles
- B. The right & left bundle branches
- C. The atrioventricular node
- D. The sinoatrial node in the atrium
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The sinoatrial node (SA node) in the atrium is indeed responsible for initiating the electrical impulse that starts the heart's rhythm. The SA node is known as the heart's natural pacemaker. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while the Purkinje fibers, bundle branches, and atrioventricular node play crucial roles in the conduction of the electrical impulse throughout the heart, the SA node is specifically responsible for initiating this impulse.
5. After sustaining a concussion, a client experiences headache, vomiting, blurred vision, and loss of consciousness. What does this indicate?
- A. Increased intracranial pressure
- B. Lower extremity compartment syndrome
- C. Consuming too much food at once
- D. Improved kidney function
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The symptoms of headache, vomiting, blurred vision, and loss of consciousness following a concussion are indicative of increased intracranial pressure. These symptoms are commonly associated with intracranial pressure elevation, which can be dangerous and requires immediate medical attention. Lower extremity compartment syndrome is characterized by severe pain and swelling in the affected limb, not the symptoms mentioned. Consuming too much food at once may lead to digestive issues but does not correlate with the symptoms described. Improved kidney function would not manifest through the symptoms mentioned after a concussion.
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