ATI RN
ATI Proctored Nutrition Exam
1. Stimulates secretion of bicarbonate ions and digestive enzymes from the pancreas to the small intestine:
- A. pepsin
- B. salivary amylase
- C. CCK
- D. secretin
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Secretin stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate ions to neutralize stomach acid and digestive enzymes into the small intestine.
2. Which two dietary components may help decrease blood cholesterol levels?
- A. Omega-3 fatty acids and soluble fiber
- B. Short-chain fatty acids and insoluble fiber
- C. Trans fatty acids and potassium
- D. Cis fatty acids and calcium
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Omega-3 fatty acids and soluble fiber. Omega-3 fatty acids are known to reduce triglycerides, while soluble fiber helps to lower LDL cholesterol levels. Both of these components are beneficial in managing blood cholesterol levels. Choice B, short-chain fatty acids and insoluble fiber, is incorrect as they do not have the same cholesterol-lowering effects as omega-3 fatty acids and soluble fiber. Choice C, trans fatty acids and potassium, is incorrect as trans fatty acids can raise LDL cholesterol levels and increase the risk of heart disease. Choice D, cis fatty acids and calcium, is incorrect as cis fatty acids are common in natural fats and do not specifically help in reducing blood cholesterol levels.
3. Which condition is an example of a potential cause of gastritis?
- A. bile reflux
- B. low salt intake
- C. hypophosphatasia
- D. gallstones
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Bile reflux is a potential cause of gastritis as it can irritate the stomach lining when bile backs up into the stomach. Choices B, C, and D do not directly cause gastritis. Low salt intake is not a common cause of gastritis. Hypophosphatasia is a rare genetic disorder affecting bone development, not the stomach. Gallstones, while related to the gallbladder, are not a direct cause of gastritis.
4. What are symptoms of uncontrolled type 1 diabetes?
- A. Depression, anxiety, and fatigue
- B. Increased thirst, urination, and hunger
- C. Weight gain, macrosomia, and food cravings
- D. Poor wound healing, blurred vision, and recurrent infections
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased thirst, urination, and hunger. Uncontrolled type 1 diabetes typically presents with classic symptoms including polydipsia (increased thirst), polyuria (frequent urination), and polyphagia (increased hunger). These symptoms are often accompanied by weight loss due to the body's inability to properly utilize glucose for energy. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the typical symptoms of uncontrolled type 1 diabetes. Depression, anxiety, fatigue, weight gain, macrosomia, food cravings, poor wound healing, blurred vision, and recurrent infections are not primary symptoms associated with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes.
5. A 52-year-old male patient recently required surgery for the removal of a large calcium oxalate stone. To prevent further stone formation, the nurse advises against drinking?
- A. apple juice
- B. tea
- C. orange juice
- D. coffee
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Tea contains oxalates, which can contribute to the formation of calcium oxalate stones; therefore, patients prone to kidney stones should avoid excessive tea consumption.
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