ATI RN
ATI Pathophysiology Exam 2
1. A 70-year-old man has enjoyed good overall health for all of his adult life, but he has been experiencing urinary frequency and dribbling that has culminated in a diagnosis of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). As a result, the patient has been prescribed finasteride (Proscar). When teaching the patient about the potential adverse effects of the drug, the nurse should ensure that he knows about the possibility of
- A. sexual dysfunction.
- B. urethral burning.
- C. kidney stones.
- D. visual disturbances.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct potential adverse effect of finasteride (Proscar) that the nurse should educate the patient about is sexual dysfunction. Finasteride is known to cause sexual side effects such as decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and ejaculation disorders. Urethral burning, kidney stones, and visual disturbances are not commonly associated with finasteride use, making them incorrect choices for this scenario.
2. What causes atherosclerotic plaques to form in the body?
- A. Poor dietary habits
- B. Administration of statin medication
- C. Interruption of blood flow to the brain
- D. Injury to the endothelium of the coronary arteries
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Atherosclerotic plaques form in the body due to injury to the endothelium of the coronary arteries. When the endothelium is damaged, it triggers an inflammatory response that leads to the accumulation of fats, cholesterol, and other substances, forming plaques. These plaques can narrow the arteries, reducing blood flow and potentially leading to serious complications like heart attacks or strokes. Poor dietary habits (choice A) can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis by promoting the buildup of plaque-forming substances in the blood, but the direct cause is the injury to the endothelium. Administration of statin medication (choice B) is actually a treatment for high cholesterol and aims to reduce the risk of plaque formation. Interruption of blood flow to the brain (choice C) is more related to conditions like ischemic stroke rather than the primary cause of atherosclerotic plaque formation.
3. What clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to find in a client who is experiencing anaphylaxis?
- A. Dilated bronchioles, constriction of peripheral blood vessels, decreased capillary permeability
- B. Asthma, deep vein thrombosis, hepatic encephalopathy
- C. Narrowing of the bronchioles, dilation of the peripheral blood vessels, increased capillary permeability
- D. Left-sided heart failure, pulmonary embolism, urinary tract infection
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In anaphylaxis, the client would present with narrowing of the bronchioles, dilation of the peripheral blood vessels, and increased capillary permeability. These manifestations lead to symptoms such as difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, and swelling. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not describe the typical clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis.
4. What laboratory tests should the nurse monitor regularly when a male patient is receiving androgen therapy?
- A. Monitor liver function tests regularly.
- B. Monitor renal function tests regularly.
- C. Monitor blood glucose levels regularly.
- D. Monitor complete blood count (CBC) regularly.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to monitor liver function tests regularly when a male patient is receiving androgen therapy. Androgen therapy can impact liver function, making it crucial to monitor liver function tests to assess any potential adverse effects on the liver. Renal function tests (choice B) are not typically affected by androgen therapy and do not need specific monitoring for this treatment. Blood glucose levels (choice C) are more relevant in conditions like diabetes or with medications affecting blood sugar, not typically in androgen therapy. Complete blood count (CBC) (choice D) is not directly impacted by androgen therapy and is not a priority for monitoring in this context.
5. A patient has been diagnosed with chronic renal failure. Which of the following agents will assist in raising the patient's hemoglobin levels?
- A. Epoetin alfa (Epogen, Procrit)
- B. Pentoxifylline (Pentoxil)
- C. Estazolam (ProSom)
- D. Dextromethorphan hydrobromide
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epoetin alfa (Epogen, Procrit). Epoetin alfa is a synthetic form of erythropoietin that stimulates red blood cell production and is commonly used to treat anemia in patients with chronic renal failure. By increasing red blood cell production, epoetin alfa helps raise hemoglobin levels in these patients. Pentoxifylline (Choice B) is not indicated for raising hemoglobin levels in chronic renal failure patients; it is a peripheral vasodilator used to improve blood flow. Estazolam (Choice C) is a benzodiazepine used for treating insomnia and has no role in raising hemoglobin levels. Dextromethorphan hydrobromide (Choice D) is a cough suppressant and is not used to raise hemoglobin levels in patients with chronic renal failure.
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