ATI RN
Nursing Care of Children ATI
1. The nurse is caring for a child with sickle cell anemia with the following order: Morphine Sulfate 2 mg IV every 24 hours. Morphine Sulfate is available in 10 mg/1mL. How many mL should the nurse administer?
- A. 0.2 mL
- B. 0.5 mL
- C. 1 mL
- D. 2 mL
Correct answer: A
Rationale: To administer 2 mg of Morphine Sulfate when the concentration is 10 mg/mL, the nurse should administer 0.2 mL (2 mg / 10 mg/mL = 0.2 mL). Choice B, 0.5 mL, is incorrect because it is the result of dividing 2 mg by 4 mg/mL instead of 10 mg/mL. Choice C, 1 mL, is incorrect as it would be the result of dividing 2 mg by 2 mg/mL. Choice D, 2 mL, is incorrect as it would be the result of dividing 2 mg by 1 mg/mL.
2. A 14-year-old with chronic renal failure suddenly becomes non-compliant with the medication regimen. Which nursing intervention would most likely improve compliance?
- A. Give the child a computer-animated game that presents information on the management of chronic renal failure.
- B. Set up a meeting with some older teens who have chronic renal failure and have been managing their disease effectively.
- C. Arrange for a physician to sit down and talk to the child about the risks related to noncompliance with medications.
- D. Discuss with the child’s parents that privileges, such as a cell phone, can be taken away if compliance fails to improve.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Adolescents often seek guidance and support from their peers. Setting up a meeting with older teens who are effectively managing chronic renal failure can provide the 14-year-old with motivation, encouragement, and practical advice on how to handle their treatment regimen. This peer support can positively influence the non-compliant adolescent, making choice B the most likely intervention to improve compliance. Choices A and C may not address the peer influence aspect of adolescent behavior, while choice D focuses on punitive measures rather than addressing the underlying reasons for non-compliance.
3. When planning care for a child with a urinary tract infection, the nurse should give priority to which treatment measure?
- A. Provide adequate nutrition to prevent dehydration.
- B. Administer ordered antibiotics on schedule.
- C. Prevent enuresis.
- D. Restrict fluid.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Administering antibiotics on schedule is crucial in treating a UTI effectively and preventing complications. Antibiotics help to eliminate the infection-causing bacteria from the urinary tract. While maintaining adequate nutrition and hydration are important aspects of care, the priority in a UTI is to target the infection with antibiotics. Preventing enuresis (bedwetting) is not directly related to the treatment of the infection. Fluid restriction is not recommended in the management of a UTI; in fact, encouraging adequate fluid intake helps flush out bacteria from the urinary tract.
4. The nurse is assessing a child suspected of having pinworms. Which is the most common symptom the nurse expects to assess?
- A. Restlessness
- B. Distractibility
- C. Rectal discharge
- D. Intense perianal itching
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Intense perianal itching is the most common symptom of pinworm infection, especially at night when the female worms lay their eggs
5. At what point in the hospitalization of the pediatric patient should discharge planning and teaching begin?
- A. Post-operatively
- B. Right when the patient is being discharged with the parents and support members present
- C. On the morning that the patient is scheduled to go home
- D. On admission
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Discharge planning should begin on admission to ensure that all necessary teaching and preparations are completed in a timely manner. Starting discharge planning early allows for a comprehensive assessment of the patient's needs, coordination with the healthcare team, and adequate time for patient and family education. Choice A, post-operatively, is too late in the process and may lead to rushed planning. Choice B, right at discharge, may not allow enough time for thorough preparation. Choice C, on the morning of discharge, also does not provide sufficient time for effective planning and education.
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