ATI RN
Nursing Care of Children ATI
1. The nurse is discussing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with a 17-year-old student. Which cognitive development theory should the teaching plan be based on?
- A. Sensorimotor reactions
- B. Limited cause and effect understanding
- C. Abstract thinking
- D. Concrete thinking
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Abstract thinking.' According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, adolescents, typically around the age of 12 and older, enter the formal operational stage where they can think abstractly and reason about hypothetical situations. When discussing complex topics like STIs with a 17-year-old student, it is essential to base the teaching plan on abstract thinking. Choice A, 'Sensorimotor reactions,' is incorrect as it pertains to the earliest stage in Piaget's theory (birth to 2 years old) focusing on sensory experiences and physical interactions. Choice B, 'Limited cause and effect understanding,' does not align with the cognitive abilities of a 17-year-old who is capable of more advanced thinking. Choice D, 'Concrete thinking,' is also incorrect as it refers to the stage before formal operations, where individuals think more concretely and struggle with abstract concepts.
2. By which age should the nurse expect that an infant will be able to pull to a standing position?
- A. 5 to 6 months
- B. 7 to 8 months
- C. 11 to 12 months
- D. 14 to 15 months
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Pulling to a standing position typically occurs between 11 to 12 months, marking the progression towards walking.
3. The clinic nurse is instructing parents about caring for a toddler with ascariasis (common roundworm). Which statement made by the parents indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. We will wash our hands often, especially after diaper changes
- B. We know that roundworm can be transmitted from person to person
- C. We will be sure to continue the nitazoxanide (Alinia) orally for 3 days
- D. We will bring a stool sample to the clinic for examination in 2 weeks
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Roundworm (ascariasis) is typically transmitted through ingestion of contaminated soil, not directly from person to person. This statement indicates a misunderstanding requiring clarification.
4. At a well-child visit, parents ask the nurse how to know if a daycare facility is a good choice for their infant. Which observation should the nurse stress as especially important to consider when making the selection?
- A. Developmentally appropriate toys
- B. Nutritious snacks served to the children
- C. Handwashing by providers after diaper changes
- D. Certified caregivers for each of the age groups at the facility
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Ensuring that providers practice proper handwashing after diaper changes is crucial in preventing the spread of infections and maintaining a hygienic environment for the infants.
5. A parent and 4-year-old child are waiting in an exam room when the nurse enters and greets them. Which activity that the nurse observes the child doing would best demonstrate the primary developmental task of the preschool-age child, according to Erikson?
- A. Reading a book
- B. Singing a song he learned at preschool
- C. Opening drawers in the room, pulling out supplies, and examining them
- D. Roughhousing with the parent
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. According to Erikson, the primary task of a preschool-aged child is to explore and assert control over their environment. This behavior is demonstrated by the child opening drawers, pulling out supplies, and examining them, showcasing curiosity and exploration. Choices A, B, and D do not align with the primary developmental task of a preschool-age child according to Erikson. Reading a book and singing a song are more passive activities, while roughhousing with the parent does not directly relate to exploration and asserting control over the environment.
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