ATI RN
Growth and Development Exam
1. The two main types of designs used in all research on human behavior are __________ and __________.
- A. observational; experimental
- B. correlational; experimental
- C. observational; correlational
- D. variable; observational Answer: B Page Ref: 31 Skill Level: Remember and limitations of each. Topic: Studying Development Difficulty Level: Easy
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The two main types of designs used in all research on human behavior are correlational and experimental. Correlational research examines the relationship between two or more variables without establishing causation, while experimental research involves manipulating one variable to observe the effect on another variable. These two types of designs are fundamental in understanding and studying human behavior.
2. By the twelfth week of pregnancy, __________.
- A. the sex of the fetus can be detected with ultrasound
- B. the mother can feel the movements of the fetus
- C. the fetus is viable and can survive if born early
- D. synchrony between fetal heart rate and motor activity peaks Answer: A Page Ref: 79 Skill Level: Understand Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 6 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e Topic: Prenatal Development Difficulty Level: Moderate
Correct answer: A
Rationale: By the twelfth week of pregnancy, the sex of the fetus can be detected with ultrasound. Ultrasound technology allows for visualization of the developing fetus and identification of physical characteristics, such as sex, during prenatal appointments.
3. A 20-week-old fetus can __________.
- A. be stimulated as well as irritated by sounds
- B. survive, if born early
- C. breathe without oxygen assistance, if born early
- D. control its own body temperature Answer: A Page Ref: 80 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Prenatal Development Difficulty Level: Moderate
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A 20-week-old fetus is able to be stimulated as well as irritated by sounds because by this stage of prenatal development, the fetus's auditory system is already well-developed. It can respond to external sounds and may even startle or move in reaction to loud noises.
4. In a historic experiment with 11-month-old Albert, John Watson demonstrated that __________.
- A. children cannot be conditioned to fear a formerly neutral stimulus
- B. infants as young as a few months old will repeat a behavior to obtain a desirable reward
- C. children can be conditioned to fear a formerly neutral stimulus
- D. children have an innate, inborn fear of rats Answer: C Page Ref: 16 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Mid-Twentieth-Century Theories Difficulty Level: Moderate
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In the historic experiment with 11-month-old Albert conducted by John Watson, it was demonstrated that children can be conditioned to fear a formerly neutral stimulus. This is known as classical conditioning, where a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus to create a conditioned response. In this case, Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat by pairing the rat with a loud noise. This experiment showcased the power of conditioning in shaping behavior and emotional responses in children.
5. The embryonic disk __________.
- A. becomes the new organism
- B. is the outer ring of cells on a blastocyst
- C. has a good chance of survival outside the womb
- D. is a protective membrane that surrounds the amnion Answer: A Page Ref: 77 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Prenatal Development Difficulty Level: Moderate
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The embryonic disk becomes the new organism. It is a cluster of cells within the blastocyst that will develop into the fetus during the early stages of prenatal development. This cluster of cells is responsible for giving rise to all the tissues and organs of the developing organism.
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