ATI RN
Growth and Development Exam
1. According to ecological systems theory, interactions between Marina and her child, Tyler, occur in the __________. Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 20 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e
- A. microsystem
- B. mesosystem
- C. exosystem
- D. macrosystem Answer: A Page Ref: 23 Skill Level: Apply Topic: Recent Theoretical Perspectives Difficulty Level: Moderate
Correct answer: A
Rationale: According to ecological systems theory, interactions between Marina and her child, Tyler, occur in the microsystem. The microsystem refers to the immediate social context in which an individual lives, such as interactions with family members, friends, and teachers. Marina and Tyler's interactions within their family unit would be considered part of the microsystem.
2. __________ theory was the first to stress the influence of the early parent‒child relationship on development.
- A. Darwin’s
- B. Freud’s
- C. Erikson’s
- D. Watson’s Answer: B Page Ref: 15 Skill Level: Remember Topic: Mid-Twentieth-Century Theories Difficulty Level: Easy
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Freud's theory was the first to stress the influence of the early parent‒child relationship on development. Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory emphasized the importance of the child's interactions with caregivers, particularly during the early stages of development, in shaping personality and behavior.
3. The two main types of designs used in all research on human behavior are __________ and __________.
- A. observational; experimental
- B. correlational; experimental
- C. observational; correlational
- D. variable; observational Answer: B Page Ref: 31 Skill Level: Remember and limitations of each. Topic: Studying Development Difficulty Level: Easy
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The two main types of designs used in all research on human behavior are correlational and experimental. Correlational research examines the relationship between two or more variables without establishing causation, while experimental research involves manipulating one variable to observe the effect on another variable. These two types of designs are fundamental in understanding and studying human behavior.
4. The __________ reflex helps a newborn find the nipple.
- A. rooting
- B. Moro
- C. Babinski
- D. tonic neck Answer: A Page Ref: 101 Skill Level: Understand Topic: The Newborn Baby’s Capacities Difficulty Level: Moderate
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The rooting reflex is the correct answer. This reflex helps a newborn baby find the nipple by turning their head and opening their mouth when their cheek is stroked or touched. This is crucial for the baby to locate and latch onto the mother's breast for feeding. The rooting reflex typically disappears around 4 months of age.
5. New evidence suggests that __________.
- A. there is very little cultural diversity in human development
- B. environmental, but not personal, contexts shape development
- C. development occurs in a neat, orderly sequence of stages unaffected by distinct contexts
- D. people not only are affected by but also contribute to the contexts in which they develop Answer: D Page Ref: 6 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Basic Issues Difficulty Level: Difficult
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the statement aligns with the concept of reciprocal influences in human development. The new evidence suggests that individuals are not only influenced by the contexts in which they develop but also contribute to shaping those contexts. This idea highlights the dynamic and interactive nature of human development, emphasizing the bidirectional relationship between individuals and their environments.
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