ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Final Exam
1. Lanugo ________.
- A. permits food and oxygen to reach the organism
- B. provides the fetus a cushion against jolts caused by the mother's movements
- C. helps regulate the fetus's body temperature
- D. helps the vernix stick to the skin
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Lanugo helps the vernix stick to the skin. Vernix is a waxy substance that covers the fetus's skin during pregnancy. Lanugo is a fine, downy hair that helps to anchor the vernix to the skin, providing protection and nourishment to the developing fetus. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the role of lanugo in prenatal development.
2. In an investigation of over 120,000 New York City births, babies born even 1 to 2 weeks early __________ than children who experienced a full-length prenatal period.
- A. showed lower reading and math scores at a third-grade follow-up
- B. were less likely to suffer from childhood obesity
- C. were less likely to suffer from neurological impairments
- D. showed higher language and social/emotional scores in early childhood
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In the investigation of over 120,000 New York City births, babies born even 1 to 2 weeks early showed lower reading and math scores at a third-grade follow-up compared to children who experienced a full-length prenatal period. This suggests that being born slightly premature can have an impact on cognitive development, leading to educational challenges later on. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the study specifically highlighted lower reading and math scores, not a reduced likelihood of suffering from childhood obesity or neurological impairments, or improved language and social/emotional scores in early childhood.
3. Theorists who contend that powerful negative events in the first few years cannot be fully overcome by later, more positive ones emphasize __________.
- A. plasticity
- B. stability
- C. nurture
- D. discontinuity
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Theorists who emphasize stability argue that powerful negative events early in life cannot be completely overcome by later, more positive experiences. They believe that early experiences have a lasting impact on development and are not easily erased or reversed by subsequent events. This perspective contrasts with the idea of plasticity, which suggests that development can be influenced by experiences at any point in life, and that individuals have the capacity for change and growth throughout the lifespan. 'Nurture' does not directly address the concept of overcoming negative events, while 'discontinuity' refers to developmental stages being separate and distinct, not the idea that negative events early in life persist despite later positive experiences.
4. Critics worry that fetal monitoring __________.
- A. numbs the entire lower half of the body, making it difficult to feel contractions
- B. is not helpful in detecting hidden problems with the baby
- C. identifies babies as in danger who, in fact, are not
- D. increases the likelihood of infant brain damage
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Critics worry that fetal monitoring may identify babies as in danger who, in fact, are not. This can lead to unnecessary interventions and stress for the parents. It is important to carefully consider the accuracy and benefits of fetal monitoring to avoid unnecessary harm to both the mother and the baby. Choice A is incorrect because fetal monitoring does not cause numbness in the lower half of the body. Choice B is incorrect as fetal monitoring is helpful in detecting hidden problems with the baby. Choice D is incorrect as there is no direct link between fetal monitoring and an increased likelihood of infant brain damage.
5. What is a major strength of the longitudinal design?
- A. Examine relationships between early and later behaviors
- B. Collect a large amount of data in a short time span
- C. Explore similarities among children of different cohorts
- D. Study participants differing in age at the same point in time
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A major strength of the longitudinal design is that researchers can examine relationships between early and later behaviors. This design allows researchers to observe and track changes in the same participants over an extended period of time, providing valuable insights into developmental trajectories and how behaviors are connected across different stages of life. Choice B is incorrect because longitudinal studies track changes over time, not necessarily collect a large amount of data in a short time span. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to cross-sectional studies rather than longitudinal studies. Choice D is incorrect as it describes a cross-sectional design where participants of different ages are studied at the same time.
Similar Questions
Access More Features
ATI RN Basic
$69.99/ 30 days
- 50,000 Questions with answers
- All ATI courses Coverage
- 30 days access @ $69.99
ATI RN Premium
$149.99/ 90 days
- 50,000 Questions with answers
- All ATI courses Coverage
- 30 days access @ $149.99