ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Final Exam
1. Maternal high blood glucose _________.
- A. can cause Rh factor incompatibility
- B. is linked to poorer memory in early childhood
- C. is linked to low birth weight
- D. can cause the mother's blood pressure to increase sharply
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Maternal high blood glucose is linked to poorer memory in early childhood. Research has shown that exposure to high levels of maternal blood glucose during pregnancy may negatively impact a child's memory development in early childhood. This highlights the importance of managing blood glucose levels during pregnancy for the health and development of the child. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the established link between maternal high blood glucose and poorer memory in early childhood. Rh factor incompatibility is related to blood type differences between the mother and the fetus, low birth weight can be linked to various factors other than maternal blood glucose, and sharp increases in the mother's blood pressure are not directly associated with maternal high blood glucose.
2. Which Apgar criterion can be more difficult to apply to newborns of all races?
- A. pink color
- B. reflex irritability
- C. limp muscle tone
- D. strong breathing
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Among the Apgar criteria, the pink color (choice A), reflex irritability (choice B), and limp muscle tone (choice C) are relatively easy to assess in newborns of all races. However, the criterion that can be more difficult to apply to newborns of all races is strong breathing (choice D). This is because evaluating the strength of a newborn's breathing can be more subjective and require careful observation. Unlike the other criteria that have more visible and objective indicators, assessing the strength of breathing might vary based on the observer's interpretation, making it more challenging to apply universally.
3. What is a major strength of the longitudinal design?
- A. Examine relationships between early and later behaviors
- B. Collect a large amount of data in a short time span
- C. Explore similarities among children of different cohorts
- D. Study participants differing in age at the same point in time
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A major strength of the longitudinal design is that researchers can examine relationships between early and later behaviors. This design allows researchers to observe and track changes in the same participants over an extended period of time, providing valuable insights into developmental trajectories and how behaviors are connected across different stages of life. Choice B is incorrect because longitudinal studies track changes over time, not necessarily collect a large amount of data in a short time span. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to cross-sectional studies rather than longitudinal studies. Choice D is incorrect as it describes a cross-sectional design where participants of different ages are studied at the same time.
4. Newborn Mariana, who reacts strongly to unpleasant stimuli, is __________.
- A. probably easy to console
- B. susceptible to colic
- C. likely to spend less time in REM sleep
- D. unlikely to respond to swaddling
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Newborn Mariana, who reacts strongly to unpleasant stimuli, is described as susceptible to colic. Colic is often characterized by excessive crying and fussiness in newborn babies, which can be challenging to console. This description suggests that Mariana's strong reactions to unpleasant stimuli may make her more prone to colic. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the strong reactions to unpleasant stimuli do not imply being easy to console, affect REM sleep, or responsiveness to swaddling.
5. Natural childbirth experts Grantly Dick-Read and Fernand Lamaze recognized that cultural attitudes about childbirth had __________.
- A. taught women to fear the birth experience
- B. helped women develop breathing techniques to lessen the pain of labor
- C. taught women that medical intervention was unnecessary in childbirth
- D. helped women focus on child rearing rather than childbirth
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Natural childbirth experts Grantly Dick-Read and Fernand Lamaze recognized that cultural attitudes about childbirth had taught women to fear the birth experience. They believed that this fear contributed to increased pain during labor and advocated for methods to reduce fear and promote relaxation during childbirth. Choice B is incorrect as the focus is on fear, not on techniques to lessen pain. Choice C is incorrect as the experts did not advocate against medical intervention but rather against unnecessary fear. Choice D is incorrect as the experts aimed to change attitudes towards childbirth, not redirect focus to child rearing.
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