ATI RN
ATI Nursing Care of Children
1. The nurse is teaching the mother of a 9-month-old infant about administering liquid iron preparation. Which information should be included in the teaching?
- A. Adequate dosage will turn the stools a tarry, black color.
- B. Give Vitamin D to enhance absorption.
- C. Allow the liquid iron to mix with saliva before swallowing.
- D. Give the liquid iron with meals.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Iron supplements can cause stools to turn black, which is a normal and harmless side effect. Iron is best absorbed on an empty stomach, although it can be given with food if gastrointestinal upset occurs. Vitamin C, not D, enhances iron absorption. Choice B is incorrect because Vitamin C enhances iron absorption, not Vitamin D. Choice C is incorrect as there is no need to mix liquid iron with saliva before swallowing. Choice D is incorrect because iron is best absorbed on an empty stomach.
2. What is the most critical physiological change required of newborns at birth?
- A. Transition from fetal to neonatal breathing
- B. Body temperature maintenance
- C. Stabilization of fluid and electrolytes
- D. Closure of fetal shunts in the heart
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Transition from fetal to neonatal breathing. The most critical physiological change required of newborns at birth is the initiation of breathing. This transition is crucial for the newborn to start exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide outside the womb, marking the beginning of their independent respiratory function. Choices B, C, and D are important aspects of newborn care but are not as immediately critical as the establishment of breathing for oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide, which is essential for the newborn's survival and adaptation to extrauterine life.
3. The nurse needs to take the blood pressure of a small child. Of the cuffs available, one is too large and one is too small. The best nursing action is which?
- A. Use the small cuff
- B. Use the large cuff
- C. Use either cuff using the palpation method
- D. Wait to take the blood pressure until a proper cuff can be located
Correct answer: D
Rationale: It is essential to use the correct cuff size for accurate blood pressure readings; if the proper size is not available, it's best to wait until it can be obtained.
4. Which nonpharmacologic intervention appears to be effective in decreasing neonatal procedural pain?
- A. Tactile stimulation
- B. Commercial warm packs
- C. Doing procedure during infant sleep
- D. Oral sucrose and nonnutritive sucking
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Oral sucrose and nonnutritive sucking are effective nonpharmacologic interventions for reducing procedural pain in neonates.
5. Which parameter correlates best with measurements of total muscle mass?
- A. Height
- B. Weight
- C. Skinfold thickness
- D. Upper arm circumference
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Upper arm circumference correlates best with total muscle mass because it includes both muscle and fat components, making it a reliable indicator of muscle mass.
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