ATI RN
ATI Oncology Quiz
1. Which of the following descriptions of chemotherapy is correct?
- A. Chemotherapy is externally given through high energy waves
- B. Chemotherapy is known to have fatigue as a common side effect
- C. Chemotherapy spreads throughout the body
- D. Chemotherapy attacks cancer cells only
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Chemotherapy drugs are typically administered systemically, meaning they circulate throughout the body via the bloodstream. This allows them to target cancer cells that may have spread beyond the original tumor site, making chemotherapy an effective treatment for cancers that are metastatic (have spread to other parts of the body). However, because chemotherapy is not selective, it can also affect healthy cells that divide rapidly, leading to a range of side effects.
2. An older adult patient is undergoing diagnostic testing for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). What assessment finding is certain to be present if the patient has CLL?
- A. Increased numbers of blast cells
- B. Increased lymphocyte levels
- C. Intractable bone pain
- D. Thrombocytopenia with no evidence of bleeding
Correct answer: B
Rationale: An increased lymphocyte count (lymphocytosis) is always present in patients with CLL.
3. The nurse is caring for a female client experiencing neutropenia as a result of chemotherapy and develops a plan of care for the client. The nurse plans to:
- A. Restrict all visitors
- B. Restrict fluid intake
- C. Teach the client and family about the need for hand hygiene
- D. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter to prevent skin breakdown
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In clients experiencing neutropenia due to chemotherapy, the immune system is significantly compromised, leaving the client highly susceptible to infections. Meticulous hand hygiene is one of the most effective ways to prevent infections in neutropenic patients. Teaching the client and their family the importance of frequent and proper handwashing helps reduce the transmission of harmful pathogens that could lead to severe infections in the neutropenic client. This simple but essential intervention is crucial in maintaining a safe environment.
4. The nurse is caring for a 39-year-old woman with a family history of breast cancer. She requested a breast tumor marking test and the results have come back positive. As a result, the patient is requesting a bilateral mastectomy. This surgery is an example of what type of oncologic surgery?
- A. Salvage surgery
- B. Palliative surgery
- C. Prophylactic surgery
- D. Reconstructive surgery
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Prophylactic surgery refers to the preventive removal of tissues or organs at high risk for developing cancer, even when no cancer is currently present. In this case, the patient has a positive breast tumor marking test and a significant family history of breast cancer, which places her at increased risk for developing the disease. A bilateral mastectomy is performed to significantly reduce this risk by removing both breasts, thereby preventing the potential future occurrence of breast cancer.
5. A client with cancer is admitted to a short-term rehabilitation facility. The nurse prepares to administer the client’s oral chemotherapy medications. What action by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. Crush the medications if the client cannot swallow them.
- B. Give one medication at a time with a full glass of water.
- C. No special precautions are needed for these medications.
- D. Wear personal protective equipment when handling the medications.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Oral chemotherapy requires the same precautions as IV chemotherapy; personal protective equipment is necessary.
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