Nursing Elites

1. Which parenting style is characterized by warmth, control, and communication?

• A. Authoritarian
• B. Permissive/indulgent
• C. Authoritative
• D. Neglectful/uninvolved

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The authoritative parenting style is characterized by a balance of warmth, control, and communication. This style promotes a nurturing environment where rules are established, but there is also room for open communication and understanding. Choice A, Authoritarian, is characterized by high control and low warmth, with strict rules and limited communication. Choice B, Permissive/indulgent, is characterized by high warmth and low control, with few rules and little discipline. Choice D, Neglectful/uninvolved, is characterized by low warmth, low control, and lack of communication or involvement in the child's life.

2. During conception, the 23 unpaired chromosomes in the ovum and sperm combine to form 23 pairs in an entirely new cell called the?

• A. Embryo
• B. DNA
• C. Fetus
• D. Zygote

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Zygote. A zygote is formed when the 23 chromosomes from the ovum and sperm combine during conception. It is the initial cell formed and marks the beginning of a new organism. Choice A, Embryo, is incorrect as an embryo is formed later in the development process. Choice B, DNA, is incorrect as DNA is the genetic material within the chromosomes but is not the name of the new cell formed after fertilization. Choice C, Fetus, is incorrect as a fetus is the stage of prenatal development that occurs well after the zygote stage.

3. Which perspective or viewpoint focuses on intrapsychic conflicts as the cause of psychopathology?

• A. Biological
• B. Behavioral
• C. Psychodynamic
• D. Sociocultural

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Psychodynamic. The psychodynamic perspective emphasizes the role of intrapsychic conflicts, often related to unconscious processes, in the development of psychopathology. This perspective, founded by Sigmund Freud, suggests that unresolved conflicts from early childhood experiences can manifest as mental health issues. Choice A, Biological, focuses on the physiological aspects of psychopathology, such as genetics and neurobiology. Choice B, Behavioral, looks at how behavior is learned and reinforced. Choice D, Sociocultural, considers the influence of social and cultural factors on mental health.

4. Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between the ages of 3 and 5 and includes the Oedipal period is the ________ stage.

• A. genital
• B. oral
• C. phallic
• D. latency

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between the ages of 3 and 5, including the Oedipal period, is the phallic stage. During this stage, children experience the Oedipus or Electra complex, where they develop unconscious sexual desires for the opposite-sex parent and see the same-sex parent as a rival. The genital stage (Choice A) is the final stage where mature sexual interests emerge, oral (Choice B) and anal stages precede the phallic stage, and latency (Choice D) is a stage following the phallic stage characterized by a focus on developing social and cognitive skills.

5. Kai and Ken received their Christmas gifts from their parents. Although their gifts vary in many characteristics, the two compared their gifts based on size. This tendency among children is known as:

• A. Semiotic
• B. Abstraction
• C. Preoperational
• D. Overextension

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Overextension. Overextension happens when children compare objects or experiences based on one characteristic, such as size. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Semiotic refers to the study of signs and symbols; Abstraction is the process of thinking about something as a general concept rather than a specific example; Preoperational is a stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development, not related to comparing gifts based on size.

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