ATI RN
ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam
1. A client with heart failure expresses feelings of burden and thoughts of death to a nurse. How should the nurse respond?
- A. Would you like to talk more about this?
- B. You are lucky to have such a devoted daughter.
- C. It is normal to feel as though you are a burden.
- D. Would you like to meet with the chaplain?
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Depression can occur in clients with heart failure, especially in older adults. When a client expresses thoughts of being a burden and death, it is crucial for the nurse to address these concerns. Offering to talk more about the client's feelings provides an opportunity for open communication and a deeper understanding of the client's emotions. Open-ended questions like the one in choice A encourage the client to express themselves freely, leading to better assessment and client-centered care. Choices B and C fail to address the client's emotional distress directly, and choice D diverts the focus without addressing the client's immediate concerns.
2. A client is going to be admitted for a scheduled surgical procedure. Which action does the nurse explain is the most important thing the client can do to protect against errors?
- A. Bring a list of all medications and their purposes.
- B. Keep the doctor's phone number close by.
- C. Ensure all providers wash their hands before entering the room.
- D. Document the name of each caregiver who enters the room.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The most important action a client can take to protect against errors is to bring a list of all medications and their purposes. This helps ensure that the healthcare team has accurate information about the client's medications, reducing the risk of medication errors, which are the most common type of healthcare mistake. Knowing the medications and their purposes can also aid in preventing drug interactions and adverse effects during the surgical procedure.
3. A client with cirrhosis is experiencing ascites. Which dietary instruction should the nurse provide?
- A. Increase protein intake.
- B. Limit fluid intake to 1500 mL/day.
- C. Consume a low-sodium diet.
- D. Take a daily multivitamin.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: For a client with cirrhosis experiencing ascites, the nurse should instruct them to consume a low-sodium diet. This dietary modification helps reduce fluid retention and manage ascites by decreasing the amount of sodium in the body, which helps prevent fluid accumulation in the abdomen. Limiting sodium intake is crucial in managing ascites and preventing further complications in clients with cirrhosis.
4. A patient is assessing a client who has just been admitted to the emergency department. The client is having difficulty breathing and is using accessory muscles. What action by the nurse is best?
- A. Administer oxygen at 2 liters per minute via nasal cannula.
- B. Assess the client's vital signs including oxygen saturation.
- C. Notify the Rapid Response Team immediately.
- D. Place the client in a high Fowler's position.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Placing the client in a high Fowler's position is the best action in this situation as it helps to maximize lung expansion, improve breathing, and decrease the work of breathing. This position allows for better chest expansion, improving oxygenation and ventilation for the client in respiratory distress.
5. When caring for a client with Alzheimer's disease, what is the most appropriate communication technique for a nurse to use?
- A. Providing detailed explanations
- B. Speaking in a loud and clear voice
- C. Using simple and direct statements
- D. Offering multiple choices to the client
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When communicating with clients with Alzheimer's disease, using simple and direct statements is the most appropriate technique. This approach helps to minimize confusion, enhance understanding, and facilitate effective communication with individuals who may have difficulty processing complex information due to their condition.
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