ATI RN
Psychology 101 Final Exam
1. How does the biopsychosocial model differ from the biomedical model?
- A. The biopsychosocial model focuses solely on the biological aspects of disease.
- B. The biopsychosocial model includes biological, psychological, and social factors, whereas the biomedical model focuses on only biological factors.
- C. The biopsychosocial model is outdated and has been replaced by the biomedical model.
- D. The biopsychosocial model is identical to the biomedical model.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The biopsychosocial model differs from the biomedical model by considering biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding health and illness. Choice A is incorrect because the biopsychosocial model does not solely focus on biological aspects. Choice C is incorrect as the biopsychosocial model is not outdated but rather offers a more comprehensive approach. Choice D is incorrect as the two models are distinct in their considerations of factors beyond biology.
2. A model of understanding mental illnesses that attempts to integrate the contributions of many different types of actors is called the ________ viewpoint.
- A. biopsychosocial
- B. sociocultural
- C. Gestalt
- D. neuroscience
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: biopsychosocial. The biopsychosocial viewpoint considers the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding mental illnesses. This model recognizes that mental health and illness are influenced by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors. Choice B, sociocultural, focuses more on societal and cultural influences on mental health, while Choice C, Gestalt, relates to holistic psychology. Choice D, neuroscience, emphasizes the role of the nervous system and brain in mental processes, but it does not encompass the broader integration of biological, psychological, and social aspects seen in the biopsychosocial viewpoint.
3. Down syndrome is caused by ________.
- A. a chemical imbalance.
- B. a gene on the X chromosome.
- C. possessing an extra X chromosome.
- D. possessing an extra chromosome in chromosome 21.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Down syndrome is caused by possessing an extra chromosome in chromosome 21, not by a chemical imbalance (choice A), a gene on the X chromosome (choice B), or possessing an extra X chromosome (choice C). The presence of an additional chromosome 21 disrupts the normal course of development and leads to the characteristics associated with Down syndrome.
4. Dr. Fox studies the causes of depression. In other words, she looks at factors that play a role in the ________ of depression.
- A. etiology
- B. epidemiology
- C. prevalence
- D. resiliency
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, 'etiology.' Etiology specifically deals with the causes or origins of diseases like depression. Choice B, 'epidemiology,' focuses on the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. Choice C, 'prevalence,' refers to the proportion of a population found to have a condition. Choice D, 'resiliency,' relates to the ability to recover from or adjust to challenges.
5. Genes ________
- A. determine how a person will behave.
- B. cause people to develop mental disorders.
- C. determine what characteristics a person will have.
- D. determine the range of characteristics a person has.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Genes determine the range of characteristics a person has. Choice A is incorrect because genes do not solely determine behavior, as behavior is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Choice B is incorrect because while genes can contribute to the risk of developing mental disorders, they do not directly cause them. Choice C is incorrect as genes contribute to but do not solely determine all characteristics a person will have.
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