ATI RN
Psychology 101 Final Exam
1. Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between the ages of 3 and 5 and includes the Oedipal period is the _________ stage.
- A. Oral
- B. Anal
- C. Phallic
- D. Genital
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Phallic. Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between ages 3 and 5 and includes the Oedipal period is the phallic stage. This stage is characterized by the Oedipus complex for boys and the Electra complex for girls. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the oral stage typically occurs during the first year of life, the anal stage occurs around ages 2 to 3, and the genital stage is the final stage in Freud's theory of psychosexual development.
2. Children raised in orphanages tend to have ________.
- A. more cortical gray matter than those raised by their parents.
- B. less cortical gray matter than those raised by their parents.
- C. more friendships than those raised by their parents.
- D. fewer friendships than those raised by their parents.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'less cortical gray matter than those raised by their parents.' Studies have shown that children raised in orphanages tend to have less cortical gray matter compared to those raised by their parents. This is due to the lack of individualized care, attention, and stimulation that can negatively impact brain development. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because there is no direct correlation between cortical gray matter and the number of friendships when comparing children raised in orphanages and those raised by their parents.
3. Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between the ages of 3 and 5 is the ________ stage.
- A. oral
- B. anal
- C. phallic
- D. genital
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between the ages of 3 and 5 is the phallic stage. During this stage, children focus on the genitals and start to identify with the same-sex parent while developing the superego. Choice A, the oral stage, occurs during infancy (0-1 year), where gratification is centered around the mouth. Choice B, the anal stage, occurs between the ages of 1 and 3, focusing on toilet training. Choice D, the genital stage, is the final stage in Freud's theory, occurring from puberty onwards, where the focus is on mature sexual relationships.
4. The ______________ perspective in psychology takes into account biological, sociological, and psychological factors associated with a person's behaviors.
- A. Behavioral
- B. Cognitive-behavioral
- C. Psychodynamic
- D. Biopsychosocial
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The biopsychosocial perspective is the correct answer as it considers biological, sociological, and psychological factors associated with a person's behaviors. This perspective emphasizes the interconnection between these factors in understanding human behavior. Choice A, Behavioral perspective, focuses primarily on observable behaviors and how they are influenced by the environment. Choice B, Cognitive-behavioral perspective, combines elements of cognitive and behavioral theories to understand behavior but does not encompass sociological factors. Choice C, Psychodynamic perspective, emphasizes unconscious processes and early childhood experiences as determinants of behavior, neglecting the sociological aspect.
5. What is the significance of the diathesis-stress model in understanding mental disorders?
- A. The diathesis-stress model suggests that stress alone causes mental disorders.
- B. The diathesis-stress model suggests that both genetic predisposition and environmental stress are necessary for the development of mental disorders.
- C. The diathesis-stress model is outdated and irrelevant.
- D. The diathesis-stress model focuses only on environmental factors.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The diathesis-stress model suggests that both genetic predisposition and environmental stress are necessary for the development of mental disorders, highlighting the interaction between nature and nurture. Choice A is incorrect because the model emphasizes the combined influence of genetic vulnerability and environmental stressors. Choice C is incorrect as the diathesis-stress model remains a valuable framework in understanding mental health. Choice D is incorrect because the model considers both genetic and environmental factors, not solely environmental factors.
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