ATI RN
ATI RN Custom Exams Set 4
1. The nurse is caring for a client who goes into ventricular tachycardia. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
- A. Call a code immediately
- B. Assess the client for a pulse
- C. Begin chest compressions
- D. Continue to monitor the client
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct first intervention when a client goes into ventricular tachycardia is to assess for a pulse. This is crucial as the presence or absence of a pulse guides subsequent actions. Initiating chest compressions or calling a code should only be done after confirming the absence of a pulse. Continuing to monitor the client without checking for a pulse delays potentially life-saving interventions.
2. The nurse cares for a client receiving furosemide (Lasix). The nurse determines that teaching is effective if the client selects which of the following foods?
- A. One medium baked potato
- B. One slice of white bread
- C. One medium apple
- D. One scrambled egg
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: One medium baked potato. Potatoes are high in potassium, which is crucial for clients on furosemide (Lasix) to prevent hypokalemia, as furosemide can cause potassium loss. White bread (choice B) and scrambled egg (choice D) are not high-potassium foods and do not address the specific need related to furosemide therapy. While apples (choice C) contain some potassium, they are not as rich in potassium as a baked potato, making them a less optimal choice for a client on furosemide.
3. People at higher risk for drug-nutrient interactions include:
- A. Infants
- B. People with diabetes
- C. Women of childbearing age
- D. Older men and women
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Older men and women are at a higher risk for drug-nutrient interactions due to factors like polypharmacy, changes in metabolism, and physiological changes associated with aging. Infants are less likely to be exposed to a wide range of medications, reducing their risk. People with diabetes and women of childbearing age may have specific nutrient needs or considerations, but they are not typically at a higher risk for drug-nutrient interactions compared to older adults.
4. A true statement about medications is that:
- A. Over-the-counter medications are unlikely to interact with food or nutrients
- B. Prescription medications always have significant interactions with food
- C. Prescription and nonprescription drugs and herbal remedies interact with food
- D. Herbal products are generally safe since they are natural
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. This statement is true because both prescription and over-the-counter medications, as well as herbal remedies, can interact with food. Choice A is incorrect because over-the-counter medications can also interact with food or nutrients. Choice B is incorrect as not all prescription medications have significant interactions with food. Choice D is incorrect because natural herbal products can also have side effects and interactions with other substances.
5. Short-bowel syndrome usually occurs when:
- A. The longitudinal muscles of the intestine contract
- B. More than 50% of the small intestine is surgically removed
- C. More than 50% of the large intestine is surgically removed
- D. Transit time is decreased due to infection or drugs
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Short-bowel syndrome usually occurs when more than 50% of the small intestine is surgically removed. This condition results in malabsorption of nutrients and fluids due to the reduced length of the small intestine. Choice A is incorrect because the contraction of longitudinal muscles does not lead to short-bowel syndrome. Choice C is incorrect as short-bowel syndrome is primarily related to the small intestine, not the large intestine. Choice D is incorrect since decreased transit time due to infection or drugs is not a direct cause of short-bowel syndrome.
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