ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam
1. The oral cavity is the site of a wide variety of systemic disease manifestations due to:
- A. Rapid cellular turnover
- B. Constant attack by microorganisms
- C. Trauma-intense environment
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The oral cavity is indeed the site of various systemic disease manifestations due to multiple factors. Firstly, the rapid cellular turnover in the oral mucosa makes it susceptible to diseases. Secondly, the constant presence of microorganisms in the oral cavity contributes to the development of systemic diseases. Finally, the oral cavity being a trauma-intense environment further increases the risk of systemic manifestations. Therefore, all the provided options - rapid cellular turnover, constant attack by microorganisms, and a trauma-intense environment - play a role in making the oral cavity a site for various systemic diseases. Hence, the correct answer is 'All of the above.' Choices A, B, and C are incorrect individually as they each represent only one aspect of why the oral cavity is prone to systemic disease manifestations, whereas the correct answer encompasses all these factors.
2. When carbohydrates are eliminated from the diet to lose weight, which nutrients are most likely to become insufficient?
- A. Iron, fiber, and protein
- B. Iron, fiber, and vitamin K
- C. Vitamin A and vitamin C
- D. Iron, fiber, and B vitamins
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Iron, fiber, and B vitamins are most likely to become insufficient when carbohydrates are eliminated from the diet to lose weight. Carbohydrates are a primary source of B vitamins and fiber in the diet. Iron can also be obtained from plant-based sources like legumes and whole grains, which are often eliminated when carbohydrates are restricted. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because protein, vitamin K, vitamin A, and vitamin C are not primarily sourced from carbohydrates and are less likely to become insufficient solely due to carbohydrate elimination.
3. Which physiologic role does vitamin C play in the body?
- A. Transcribing DNA to RNA
- B. Absorption and regulation of calcium
- C. Protects integrity of cellular membranes
- D. Catalyst for synthesis of blood-clotting factors
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin C plays a crucial role in protecting the integrity of cellular membranes. It is essential for collagen synthesis, which is important for wound healing and maintaining skin, blood vessels, and other tissues. Choice A is incorrect as the transcription of DNA to RNA is facilitated by vitamin A. Choice B is incorrect as calcium absorption and regulation are functions of vitamin D. Choice D is incorrect as vitamin K serves as a catalyst for the synthesis of blood-clotting factors, not vitamin C.
4. Which type of nutritional deficiency results from inadequate absorption?
- A. Unmeasurable
- B. Primary deficiency
- C. Secondary deficiency
- D. Codependent
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Secondary deficiency. A nutritional deficiency resulting from decreased intake is called a primary deficiency. On the other hand, a secondary deficiency refers to a vitamin deficiency caused by inadequate absorption or use, increased requirements, excretion, or destruction. Choice A, 'Unmeasurable,' is incorrect as it does not describe a type of nutritional deficiency. Choice B, 'Primary deficiency,' is incorrect as it refers to a deficiency caused by decreased intake, not inadequate absorption. Choice D, 'Codependent,' is incorrect as it is unrelated to the context of nutritional deficiencies.
5. Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of which vitamin?
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Vitamin D
- C. Vitamin E
- D. Vitamin K
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, not vitamin E. The symptoms of scurvy include spontaneous gingival hemorrhaging, perifollicular petechiae, follicular hyperkeratosis, diarrhea, fatigue, depression, and cessation of bone growth. Vitamin A (Choice A) is important for vision and immune function, Vitamin D (Choice B) is essential for bone health, and Vitamin K (Choice D) is necessary for blood clotting. However, none of these vitamins are associated with scurvy.
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