ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam
1. Each is a physiologic role of vitamin D, except one. Which is the exception?
- A. Hematopoiesis
- B. Cardiac and neuromuscular function
- C. Immune responses
- D. Serum calcium regulation
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Hematopoiesis. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in regulating serum calcium levels, which is essential for maintaining cardiac and neuromuscular function. Additionally, vitamin D is involved in modulating immune responses. However, hematopoiesis, the formation of red blood cells, is not a direct physiologic role of vitamin D. Therefore, hematopoiesis is the exception among the listed functions of vitamin D.
2. Which of the following has the greatest effect on an increase in body weight?
- A. Carbohydrate intake
- B. Protein intake
- C. Fat intake
- D. Total kilocalories
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Total kilocalories have the greatest effect on body weight as they represent the overall energy intake from all macronutrients combined. While the consumption of specific macronutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats can affect weight management, the total calories consumed play the most significant role in determining body weight. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they focus on individual macronutrients rather than the overall energy balance provided by total kilocalories.
3. Has Healthy People (HP 2020), issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, resulted in a reduction of deaths from cardiovascular disease, stroke, and some cancers, as well as decreased dental caries in children aged 2 to 4 years and adults aged 53 to 44 years?
- A. Yes, both statements are true.
- B. No, both statements are false.
- C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
- D. The first statement is false; the second is true.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Both statements are false. While Healthy People (HP 2020) has contributed to a reduction in deaths from cardiovascular disease, stroke, and some cancers, it did not result in decreased dental caries in children aged 2 to 4 years and adults aged 53 to 44 years. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Choice A is incorrect because the second statement is false. Choice C is incorrect as the first statement is also false. Choice D is incorrect as the second statement is false.
4. Each statement is true of calcium within saliva, except one. Which is the exception?
- A. Saliva is supersaturated with calcium.
- B. Saliva is a source of calcium to mineralize an immature or demineralized enamel surface.
- C. Calcium and phosphate in saliva provide a buffering action.
- D. Calcium within saliva increases dental caries.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Calcium within saliva does not increase dental caries; in fact, the buffering action provided by calcium and phosphate in saliva inhibits caries formation by preventing the dissolution of enamel by plaque biofilm. Choice A is correct as saliva is indeed supersaturated with calcium. Choice B is correct as saliva serves as a source of calcium to mineralize an immature or demineralized enamel surface. Choice C is correct as calcium and phosphate in saliva do provide a buffering action to protect teeth from acids.
5. Approximately 75% of reputable producers of bottled water use groundwater as their water source. Plain tap water is the most natural source of fluids.
- A. Both statements are true.
- B. Both statements are false.
- C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
- D. The first statement is false; the second is true.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Both statements are true. Approximately 75% of reputable producers of bottled water use groundwater as their water source, which is the same source as the public water supply. Plain tap water, coming from underground sources or reservoirs, is indeed a natural source of fluids. The first statement is supported by the fact that groundwater is a common source for bottled water due to its purity and taste. The second statement is true as tap water is sourced from natural reservoirs or underground aquifers in most cases, making it a natural fluid source for consumption. Other choices are incorrect because both statements are factually accurate based on common practices in the production and sourcing of bottled water and tap water.
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