ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam
1. What physiologic role does calcium play in the body?
- A. Blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction and relaxation
- B. Calcium homeostasis, structural integrity of heart muscle
- C. No known metabolic function, caries-preventing properties
- D. ATP energy release; metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, proteins; regulates acid-base balance.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction and relaxation.' Calcium plays a crucial role in various physiological functions such as blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction and relaxation, membrane permeability, and activation of certain enzymes. Choice B is incorrect because while calcium is involved in calcium homeostasis, it is not the only role it plays in the body. Choice C is incorrect as calcium indeed has several known metabolic functions, and it is not solely for preventing caries. Choice D is also incorrect as the functions mentioned are primarily carried out by other nutrients and not specifically by calcium.
2. Located in the middle of the brain, what organ is responsible for satiety and hunger?
- A. Medulla Oblongata
- B. Pituitary Gland
- C. Hypothalamus
- D. Parathyroid
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The hypothalamus, located in the middle of the brain, plays a crucial role in regulating hunger and satiety. It contains specific regions that control appetite and feeding behavior. The Medulla Oblongata (Choice A) is responsible for regulating vital functions like heartbeat and breathing, not hunger. The Pituitary Gland (Choice B) is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones but is not primarily involved in hunger regulation. The Parathyroid (Choice D) is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the body and not related to hunger or satiety.
3. Each statement regarding the correlation between vitamin D and sun exposure is accurate, except one. Which is the exception?
- A. The body can produce sufficient amounts of vitamin D from sunlight.
- B. UV radiation can convert a precursor of vitamin D to vitamin D3 by penetrating uncovered skin.
- C. Sunscreen blocks the formation of vitamin D3.
- D. By the age of 70 years, the skin generally produces vitamin D at only half the level it did at the age of 20 years.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: While UV radiation can penetrate uncovered skin and convert a precursor of vitamin D to vitamin D3, sunscreen does block the formation of vitamin D3. Sunscreen is recommended by dermatologists to prevent sunburn and reduce the risk of skin cancer. The other choices are correct: the body can produce sufficient vitamin D from sunlight, UV radiation can convert a precursor of vitamin D to vitamin D3, and skin generally produces less vitamin D as a person ages.
4. An imbalance of which nutrient may elicit delayed tooth eruption, enlarged tongue, stillbirths, altered craniofacial growth, sensitivity to cold, dry skin, depression, and goiter?
- A. Zinc
- B. Iron
- C. Sodium
- D. Potassium
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Iron. The provided extract mentions that iodine deficiency can cause delayed tooth eruption, enlarged tongue, stillbirths, altered craniofacial growth, sensitivity to cold, dry skin, depression, and goiter. Zinc, Sodium, and Potassium are not associated with these specific symptoms. Zinc deficiency can lead to other health issues but not the ones mentioned. Sodium and Potassium imbalances do not typically result in the symptoms described in the question.
5. Which type of nutritional deficiency results from inadequate absorption?
- A. Unmeasurable
- B. Primary deficiency
- C. Secondary deficiency
- D. Codependent
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Secondary deficiency. A nutritional deficiency resulting from decreased intake is called a primary deficiency. On the other hand, a secondary deficiency refers to a vitamin deficiency caused by inadequate absorption or use, increased requirements, excretion, or destruction. Choice A, 'Unmeasurable,' is incorrect as it does not describe a type of nutritional deficiency. Choice B, 'Primary deficiency,' is incorrect as it refers to a deficiency caused by decreased intake, not inadequate absorption. Choice D, 'Codependent,' is incorrect as it is unrelated to the context of nutritional deficiencies.
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