ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam 2023 Test Bank
1. Clients may benefit from slightly higher fat intakes than are normally recommended if they have:
- A. congestive heart failure
- B. cerebrovascular accident
- C. peripheral vascular disease
- D. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), higher fat intake can be beneficial because it provides more calories with less respiratory burden compared to carbohydrates. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular accident, and peripheral vascular disease do not specifically benefit from higher fat intakes as in COPD.
2. Which of the following foods or beverages would offer the most nutrients per calorie?
- A. chicken
- B. wine
- C. white bread
- D. broccoli
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Broccoli is indeed the correct answer. Broccoli is considered nutrient-dense, meaning it provides a significant amount of essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and fiber while being relatively low in calories. On the other hand, choices A, B, and C are not as nutrient-dense as broccoli. Chicken can be nutritious but may vary in nutrient content depending on the cut and preparation method. Wine, although containing antioxidants like resveratrol, is not a significant source of essential nutrients. White bread is often low in nutrients and fiber compared to whole grain options, making it less nutrient-dense than broccoli.
3. Each statement accurately describes the physical effects of food on periodontal health, except one. Which is the exception?
- A. Supragingival plaque biofilm adhesion is influenced by frequent consumption of monosaccharides
- B. Supragingival plaque biofilm adhesion is influenced by frequent consumption of disaccharides
- C. Poor nutrition has an adverse effect on the periodontium
- D. Chewing soft, spongy foods stimulates salivary flow
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Chewing soft, spongy foods does not stimulate salivary flow; rather, firm, fibrous foods like fruits and vegetables do. Soft foods can stick to teeth, promoting plaque buildup. Choices A, B, and C are accurate: Supragingival plaque biofilm adhesion is influenced by both monosaccharides and disaccharides, while poor nutrition can indeed have adverse effects on the periodontium.
4. Which of the following converts starch to disaccharides, and this reaction occurs in the _____?
- A. pancreatic amylases, small intestine
- B. brush border enzymes, small intestine
- C. luminal enzymes, large intestine
- D. pancreatic amylases, pancreas
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Pancreatic amylases break down starch into disaccharides in the small intestine. This process occurs in the small intestine, not the large intestine or pancreas. Brush border enzymes act on disaccharides to break them down into monosaccharides, while luminal enzymes are not specifically involved in the conversion of starch to disaccharides.
5. After consuming a meal high in fat, the _____ releases _______ to aid in digestion.
- A. stomach, acid
- B. liver, bile
- C. pancreas, bicarbonate
- D. gallbladder, bile
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The gallbladder releases bile into the small intestine to help digest fats. Bile emulsifies fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets for easier digestion. The stomach primarily releases gastric acid, the liver produces bile but stores it in the gallbladder, and the pancreas secretes bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect.
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