ATI RN
RN Nursing Care of Children 2019 With NGN
1. What pathologic process is believed to be responsible for the development of postinfectious glomerulonephritis?
- A. Infarction of renal vessels
- B. Immune complex formation and glomerular deposition
- C. Bacterial endotoxin deposition on and destruction of glomeruli
- D. Embolization of glomeruli by bacteria and fibrin from endocardial vegetation
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Postinfectious glomerulonephritis is typically caused by immune complex deposition in the glomeruli following a streptococcal infection. This immune response leads to inflammation and impaired kidney function.
2. A 12-year-old child had an appendectomy 18 hours ago. The nurse is monitoring the child for pain control. Which of the following tools is most appropriate for assessing the child’s pain?
- A. FLACC scale
- B. Numeric scale
- C. NIPS scale
- D. FACES scale
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The Numeric scale is the most appropriate tool for assessing pain in older children, like a 12-year-old, as they can comprehend and use numbers to indicate their pain levels accurately. The FLACC scale is typically used for nonverbal or preverbal children. The NIPS scale is designed for neonates and infants. The FACES scale is more commonly used in younger children who may have difficulty expressing their pain in other ways.
3. What does the Hib conjugate vaccine protect against?
- A. Bacterial meningitis
- B. Epiglottitis
- C. Bacterial pneumonia
- D. All Correct
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The Hib conjugate vaccine is crucial for protecting children from several severe infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b, including bacterial meningitis, epiglottitis, bacterial pneumonia, septic arthritis, and sepsis. Therefore, all the provided options are correct. Bacterial meningitis, epiglottitis, and bacterial pneumonia are serious conditions that the Hib vaccine effectively prevents, making choice D the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect when considered individually as the Hib vaccine does not protect against only one specific infection; rather, it provides immunity against multiple diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b.
4. A hospitalized child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome is receiving high doses of prednisone. What nursing goal is appropriate for this child?
- A. Stimulate appetite
- B. Detect evidence of edema
- C. Minimize risk of infection
- D. Promote adherence to the antibiotic regimen
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Prednisone, an immunosuppressant, increases the child's susceptibility to infections, making infection prevention a critical nursing goal. Detecting edema and stimulating appetite are important but secondary to preventing potentially life-threatening infections.
5. The Denver II is a test used to assess children. What does it evaluate?
- A. Behavior problems
- B. Developmental status
- C. Body mass index
- D. Infection likelihood
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The Denver II Developmental Screening Test is used to assess a child's development in four areas: personal-social, fine motor-adaptive, language, and gross motor skills. It helps identify children who may need further evaluation. Choice A, behavior problems, is incorrect as the Denver II primarily focuses on developmental milestones rather than behavior. Choice C, body mass index, is unrelated to the assessment of child development. Choice D, infection likelihood, is also not evaluated by the Denver II test.
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