ATI RN
RN Nursing Care of Children 2019 With NGN
1. What is an important consideration in understanding the reactions of parents when their infant is born with physical defects?
- A. Grief lasts until the defects are repaired.
- B. Denial is a common adaptive reaction.
- C. The psychologic reaction is similar to that with the death of an infant.
- D. Reactions of health professionals to the birth of an infant can affect parents’ reactions.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When a parent's infant is born with physical defects, understanding the psychological reactions is crucial. The reaction is often similar to the grief experienced when facing the death of a child. Parents need to grieve for the loss of the expected child and adapt to the needs of a child with physical defects. The grief process typically involves stages like shock, frustration, and anger, which can last for years. Denial during the shock phase is not maladaptive but can help parents cope initially. Additionally, parents are sensitive to the behavior of health professionals, whose interactions can significantly influence the parents' reactions to the infant. Therefore, recognizing the similarity of the psychological reaction to grief is an important consideration in understanding how parents cope with their infant's physical defects.
2. A child is admitted in acute renal failure (ARF). Therapeutic management to rapidly provoke a flow of urine includes the administration of what medication?
- A. Propranolol (Inderal)
- B. Calcium gluconate
- C. Mannitol (Osmitrol) or furosemide (Lasix)
- D. Sodium, chloride, and potassium
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Mannitol and furosemide are diuretics commonly used to induce diuresis in acute renal failure, helping to provoke urine flow and manage fluid overload. Calcium gluconate and electrolyte supplementation are used for other specific conditions and not primarily for diuresis.
3. What measure of fluid balance status is most useful in a child with acute glomerulonephritis?
- A. Proteinuria
- B. Daily weight
- C. Specific gravity
- D. Intake and output
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Daily weight is the most accurate measure of fluid balance in children with acute glomerulonephritis, as it reflects changes in body fluid status more reliably than other measures like proteinuria or specific gravity.
4. In teaching the parent of a newly diagnosed 2-year-old child with pyelonephritis related to vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), the nurse should include which information?
- A. Limit fluids to reduce reflux.
- B. Give cranberry juice twice a day.
- C. Have siblings examined for VUR.
- D. Surgery is indicated to reverse scarring.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Siblings should be examined for VUR as it can run in families, and early detection can prevent complications. Limiting fluids is not advisable, and cranberry juice is not effective in preventing VUR. Surgery is usually not indicated for scarring reversal.
5. The nurse is teaching a client to prevent future urinary tract infections (UTIs). What factor is most important to emphasize as the potential cause?
- A. Poor hygiene
- B. Constipation
- C. Urinary stasis
- D. Congenital anomalies
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Urinary stasis is the most important factor in the development of UTIs because it provides an environment for bacterial growth. While poor hygiene and congenital anomalies are contributing factors, preventing urinary stasis is key in UTI prevention.
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