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Psychology 101 Exam 3 Test
1. The humanistic perspective focuses primarily upon the capacity of the individual to ________.
- A. confront the dilemma of our deaths.
- B. be driven by unconscious motives.
- C. rationally explain our behavior.
- D. engage in positive self-growth.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The humanistic perspective, as highlighted by proponents like Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, emphasizes the inherent drive of individuals to achieve self-actualization and positive self-growth. It focuses on the individual's potential for growth, self-improvement, and fulfilling their highest capabilities. Choice A is incorrect as the humanistic perspective is more concerned with personal growth than with addressing the fear of death. Choice B is associated with the psychodynamic perspective, which focuses on unconscious motives. Choice C is related to cognitive-behavioral approaches that emphasize the rational understanding of behavior.
2. Cortisol is a hormone that ________.
- A. is released by the hypothalamus and travels to the pituitary gland, causing it to respond.
- B. the pituitary gland releases to stimulate the adrenal gland.
- C. the adrenal gland produces that mobilizes the body to deal with stress.
- D. reduces the reuptake of the monoamine neurotransmitters.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal gland that mobilizes the body to deal with stress. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer. Choices A and B are incorrect as they inaccurately describe the origin and function of cortisol. Choice D is also incorrect as it describes the action of a different type of substance, not cortisol.
3. What role does culture play in understanding abnormal behavior?
- A. Culture plays a minimal role in understanding abnormal behavior.
- B. Culture is essential in shaping our perceptions and definitions of abnormal behavior.
- C. Culture has little impact on the expression of abnormal behavior.
- D. Culture only affects the treatment of abnormal behavior, not its understanding.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Culture is essential in shaping our perceptions and definitions of abnormal behavior. Choice A is incorrect because culture actually plays a significant role in understanding abnormal behavior. Choice C is incorrect as culture can have a considerable impact on how abnormal behavior is expressed. Choice D is incorrect because culture influences not only the treatment but also the understanding of abnormal behavior.
4. A psychologist who studied the relationship between sociocultural factors and mental disorders would be most likely to study ________.
- A. parenting style and self-schemas.
- B. poverty and racial discrimination.
- C. peer rejection and attributional style.
- D. assimilation and accommodation.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A psychologist who studies the relationship between sociocultural factors and mental disorders would focus on factors like poverty and racial discrimination. These factors have a significant impact on mental health outcomes within different populations. Choices A, C, and D are less directly related to sociocultural factors like poverty and racial discrimination and their influence on mental disorders, making them incorrect.
5. Undercontrolled behavior tends to be seen in American children, whereas overcontrolled behavior is seen in Thai children.
- A. Aggressive behavior; calm behavior
- B. Overcontrolled behavior; undercontrolled behavior
- C. Undercontrolled behavior; overcontrolled behavior
- D. Equal behavioral traits in both cultures.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Undercontrolled behavior; overcontrolled behavior.' The question highlights a cultural difference in behavior tendencies between American and Thai children. American children are usually characterized by undercontrolled behavior, while Thai children tend to exhibit overcontrolled behavior. Choice A (Aggressive behavior; calm behavior) is incorrect as the question does not mention aggressive or calm behavior as the contrasting traits between the two groups. Choice B (Overcontrolled behavior; undercontrolled behavior) is incorrect because the described behavior patterns are reversed based on the question's context. Choice D (Equal behavioral traits in both cultures) is incorrect as the question explicitly states differing behavior patterns in American and Thai children.
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