ATI RN
Psychology 101 Exam 3 Test
1. When examining heredity, mental disorders are almost always ________.
- A. influenced by one particular gene.
- B. influenced by multiple genes.
- C. influenced by recessive genes.
- D. not influenced by genes.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When examining heredity and mental disorders, it is important to note that these conditions are influenced by multiple genes working together. Mental disorders are complex traits that arise from the interplay of various genetic and environmental factors. Therefore, choice B, 'influenced by multiple genes,' is the correct answer. Choice A, 'influenced by one particular gene,' is incorrect because mental disorders typically do not result from the action of a single gene. Choice C, 'influenced by recessive genes,' is incorrect as it oversimplifies the genetic basis of mental disorders. Choice D, 'not influenced by genes,' is also incorrect as genes play a significant role in the development of mental disorders.
2. What are culture-bound syndromes?
- A. Culture-bound syndromes are disorders that can be found in all cultures.
- B. Culture-bound syndromes are disorders that are specific to certain cultural contexts.
- C. Culture-bound syndromes are myths and do not exist.
- D. Culture-bound syndromes are conditions seen only in psychiatric hospitals.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Culture-bound syndromes are disorders that are specific to certain cultural contexts. These syndromes may not be recognized or understood outside of the specific cultural context where they originate. Choice A is incorrect because culture-bound syndromes are not universal and are tied to specific cultural beliefs and practices. Choice C is incorrect as culture-bound syndromes are recognized in the field of psychology and anthropology. Choice D is incorrect as culture-bound syndromes are not limited to psychiatric hospitals but can be observed in various cultural settings.
3. Mental disorders are almost always _______, meaning they are influenced by multiple genes.
- A. environmental
- B. chemical circuits
- C. polygenic
- D. probabilistic
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'polygenic.' Mental disorders are polygenic, which means they are influenced by multiple genes. This term specifically refers to conditions or traits that are caused by more than one gene. Choice A, 'environmental,' is incorrect as it doesn't directly refer to the genetic influence on mental disorders. Choice B, 'chemical circuits,' is incorrect as it is too specific and not a common term used to describe the genetic basis of mental disorders. Choice D, 'probabilistic,' is incorrect as it relates more to the likelihood or chance of something happening rather than the genetic influence on mental disorders.
4. Cortisol is a hormone that ________.
- A. is released by the hypothalamus and travels to the pituitary gland, causing it to respond.
- B. the pituitary gland releases to stimulate the adrenal gland.
- C. the adrenal gland produces that mobilizes the body to deal with stress.
- D. reduces the reuptake of the monoamine neurotransmitters.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal gland that mobilizes the body to deal with stress. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer. Choices A and B are incorrect as they inaccurately describe the origin and function of cortisol. Choice D is also incorrect as it describes the action of a different type of substance, not cortisol.
5. Understanding the causes of mental disorders is important because ________
- A. effective treatment is not possible without such an understanding.
- B. classification of disorders cannot be done without such information.
- C. such knowledge might make both the prevention and cure of mental disorders possible.
- D. disagreements about the causes of psychopathology have long limited the advancements made in the study of abnormal psychology.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Understanding the causes of mental disorders is crucial because it can potentially lead to both prevention and cure. By identifying the root causes, strategies can be developed to prevent the onset of disorders, and effective treatments can be tailored to address these causes directly. This approach can make treatments more efficient, as addressing the underlying factors contributing to the disorder can result in better outcomes for individuals. Choices A and B are incorrect because while understanding causes is important for effective treatment and classification, the primary focus is on prevention and cure. Choice D, while highlighting the impact of disagreements on advancements in abnormal psychology, does not directly address the importance of understanding causes for prevention and cure.
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