ATI RN
Psychology 101 Exam 3 Test
1. What does the genetic study of identical twins reared apart help to clarify?
- A. Differences in brain function
- B. Genetic influence on behavior
- C. Interaction between genetics and environment
- D. The role of environmental factors alone
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Interaction between genetics and environment.' The genetic study of identical twins reared apart helps in understanding how both genetics and environment play a role in shaping an individual's traits and behaviors. This type of study allows researchers to tease apart the effects of genetic inheritance from those of environmental influences. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the study of identical twins reared apart specifically focuses on the interplay between genetics and environment, rather than solely on differences in brain function, genetic influence on behavior, or the role of environmental factors alone.
2. Which of the following did Freud believe played a causal role in the development of most forms of psychopathology?
- A. Anxiety
- B. Depression
- C. Unresolved conflicts between the ego and the superego
- D. Fixation in the oral stage
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Freud believed that anxiety was a primary causal factor in the development of most forms of psychopathology. Anxiety, according to Freud, arises from conflicts within the mind, particularly conflicts between the id, ego, and superego. This unresolved conflict can lead to various psychological issues. While depression can be a symptom of psychopathology, Freud emphasized anxiety as a more foundational element. Unresolved conflicts between the ego and the superego are related to Freud's structural model of the mind but are not the primary causal factor in psychopathology. Fixation in the oral stage is a concept from Freud's psychosexual stages of development and is not directly linked to the causal role in the development of most forms of psychopathology.
3. Which psychosexual stage focuses on castration anxiety?
- A. Genital
- B. Oral
- C. Anal
- D. Phallic
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Castration anxiety is a concept from Freudian psychoanalytic theory that occurs during the Phallic stage. This stage occurs between 3 to 6 years of age and is when children experience conflicts related to the Oedipus complex (boys) and Electra complex (girls). During this stage, children may fear castration (in boys) or penis envy (in girls), which are crucial components of castration anxiety. Therefore, the correct answer is Phallic. The other options (A: Genital, B: Oral, C: Anal) are incorrect as they do not specifically involve castration anxiety but rather represent different stages in Freud's psychosexual development theory.
4. What is the biopsychosocial model?
- A. A model that integrates biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding mental disorders.
- B. A model that emphasizes the interaction between biological and psychological factors, excluding social influences.
- C. The biopsychosocial model emphasizes only psychological factors in mental disorders.
- D. The biopsychosocial model is a purely biological approach to mental health.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The biopsychosocial model is a comprehensive approach that considers biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding mental disorders. Choice A is correct because it accurately describes how this model integrates these three factors. Choice B is incorrect as it excludes social influences from the model. Choice C is incorrect because it states that the model only emphasizes psychological factors, which is not true. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests that the model is purely biological, which is also inaccurate.
5. What does the diathesis-stress model entail?
- A. The diathesis-stress model suggests that stress alone is sufficient to cause a mental disorder.
- B. The diathesis-stress model involves a combination of genetic vulnerability and environmental stressors.
- C. The diathesis-stress model suggests that genetic factors alone cause mental disorders.
- D. The diathesis-stress model suggests that stressors in the environment do not affect the onset of mental disorders.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The diathesis-stress model proposes that mental disorders develop from a combination of genetic vulnerability (the diathesis) and environmental stressors. Choice A is incorrect because it states that stress alone can cause mental disorders, which is not in line with the model. Choice C is incorrect as it simplifies the model to genetic factors alone causing mental disorders. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests that environmental stressors do not play a role in the onset of mental disorders, which contradicts the essence of the diathesis-stress model.
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