ATI RN
ATI Anatomy and Physiology
1. Which of the following describes the event of ovulation?
- A. The fallopian tube moves the ovum to the uterus.
- B. The oocyte undergoes its first meiotic division.
- C. The Graafian follicle releases an ovum.
- D. The corpus luteum produces progesterone.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Ovulation is the release of a mature egg (ovum) from the Graafian follicle in the ovary. This process is essential for fertilization. Choice A is incorrect because the fallopian tube does not move the ovum to the uterus; rather, it provides a pathway for the egg to travel from the ovary to the uterus. Choice B is incorrect as the oocyte undergoes its first meiotic division after ovulation. Choice D is incorrect because the corpus luteum forms after ovulation and is responsible for producing progesterone.
2. Which part of the brain regulates heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure?
- A. Corpus Callosum
- B. Medulla Oblongata
- C. Pituitary Glands
- D. Pineal Glands
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the Medulla Oblongata. This part of the brain is responsible for regulating essential autonomic functions such as heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. The Corpus Callosum is responsible for connecting the left and right hemispheres of the brain, not for regulating these vital functions. The Pituitary Glands and Pineal Glands are part of the endocrine system and are not directly involved in regulating heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure.
3. Which of the following substances is involved in the destruction of ingested pathogens?
- A. lymphatic fluid
- B. stomach acid
- C. bicarbonate
- D. lipase
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is stomach acid. Stomach acid, also known as gastric acid, plays a crucial role in destroying ingested pathogens due to its high acidity. The low pH of stomach acid helps to kill bacteria and other pathogens that may be present in the food we consume. Lymphatic fluid is involved in immune function and fat absorption, not pathogen destruction. Bicarbonate is a base that neutralizes stomach acid to prevent damage to the stomach lining. Lipase is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of fats but is not involved in pathogen destruction.
4. Which of the following structures, located at the end of the ear canal, vibrates when sound waves strike it?
- A. Acoustic meatus
- B. Cochlea
- C. Eustachian tube
- D. Tympanic membrane
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is the Tympanic membrane. The tympanic membrane, also known as the eardrum, is located at the end of the ear canal and vibrates when sound waves strike it. This vibration is then transmitted to the ossicles in the middle ear, which amplify and transmit the sound to the inner ear. Choice A, the Acoustic meatus, is incorrect as it is the ear canal itself, not the structure that vibrates. Choice B, the Cochlea, is responsible for translating sound vibrations into electrical signals but is not located at the end of the ear canal. Choice C, the Eustachian tube, is responsible for equalizing pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere and is not involved in vibration from sound waves.
5. Calcium concentration in the blood is controlled by which of the following glands?
- A. Hypothalamus gland
- B. Thyroid gland
- C. Pituitary gland
- D. Parathyroid glands
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is Parathyroid glands. The parathyroid glands are responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood by secreting parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH helps increase calcium levels in the blood when they are too low. The other glands listed, such as the Hypothalamus, Thyroid, and Pituitary glands, do not directly control calcium concentration in the blood.
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