ATI RN
ATI Anatomy and Physiology
1. What function is associated with the dermal layer of the skin?
- A. Sensory perception
- B. To provide support and structure to the skin
- C. Protection from UV rays
- D. Insulation
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct function associated with the dermal layer of the skin is to provide support and structure to the skin. The dermis is the thickest layer of the skin and is responsible for maintaining the skin's integrity and firmness. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as sensory perception, protection from UV rays, and insulation are functions associated with other layers of the skin, such as the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue.
2. Which of the following is a result of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system?
- A. decreased blood flow to the skeletal muscles
- B. increased cardiac output
- C. decreased respiratory rate
- D. increased urinary output
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system leads to an increase in cardiac output. When the sympathetic nervous system is activated, it causes the heart to beat faster and with more force, leading to an increased cardiac output. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the sympathetic nervous system does not cause decreased blood flow to the skeletal muscles, decreased respiratory rate, or increased urinary output.
3. Which of the following is the measurement of the percentage of red blood cells in whole blood?
- A. Hematocrit
- B. Hemoglobin
- C. Mean corpuscular volume
- D. Reticulocyte count
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Hematocrit.' Hematocrit is the measurement of the percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. It is used to diagnose conditions such as anemia and dehydration. Choice B, 'Hemoglobin,' measures the amount of hemoglobin in the blood, not the percentage of red blood cells. Choice C, 'Mean corpuscular volume,' measures the average volume of a red blood cell, not the percentage of red blood cells. Choice D, 'Reticulocyte count,' measures the percentage of young red blood cells in the blood, not the percentage of red blood cells.
4. Which of the following structures of the gastrointestinal system absorbs iron and bile salts?
- A. Ileum
- B. Jejunum
- C. Colon
- D. Duodenum
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the Ileum. The Ileum is the final section of the small intestine where the absorption of key nutrients such as iron and bile salts occurs. The Jejunum mainly absorbs nutrients like carbohydrates and proteins, while the Duodenum primarily facilitates the absorption of minerals and vitamins. The Colon's main function is to absorb water and electrolytes, not iron and bile salts. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect.
5. Which of the following may indicate hypersecretion of thyroid hormone?
- A. weight loss
- B. Bradycardia
- C. cold intolerance
- D. lethargy
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Weight loss is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism, which is characterized by an excess secretion of thyroid hormone. This increased metabolic rate can lead to weight loss despite normal or increased appetite. Bradycardia (slow heart rate), cold intolerance, and lethargy are more commonly associated with hypothyroidism, where there is an insufficient production of thyroid hormone. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect in the context of hypersecretion of thyroid hormone.
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