ATI RN
ATI Anatomy and Physiology
1. What effect does aldosterone secretion have on electrolyte levels?
- A. Calcium levels are decreased
- B. Sodium levels are increased
- C. Potassium levels are increased
- D. Magnesium levels are decreased
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Aldosterone is a hormone that primarily acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and water into the bloodstream. As a result, sodium levels are increased. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Aldosterone does not significantly affect calcium, potassium, or magnesium levels.
2. Which of the following is produced by the prostate gland?
- A. testosterone
- B. fluid to lubricate the head of the penis
- C. substance to enhance sperm mobility
- D. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'fluid to lubricate the head of the penis.' The prostate gland produces a milky fluid that makes up part of the seminal fluid, which helps to nourish and transport sperm. Testosterone is produced mainly by the testes, not the prostate gland. While the prostate gland does contribute to sperm mobility, its primary function is to produce the fluid that lubricates the penis during ejaculation. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone is produced by the hypothalamus and regulates the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.
3. Testosterone production is regulated by which of the following glands?
- A. Pineal
- B. Thymus
- C. Parathyroid
- D. Pituitary
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Testosterone production is regulated by the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland secretes luteinizing hormone (LH), which stimulates the Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone. This hormone is not regulated by the Pineal, Thymus, or Parathyroid glands. The Pineal gland is responsible for secreting melatonin, the Thymus gland is involved in immune function, and the Parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels in the blood.
4. Which part of the brain regulates heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure?
- A. Corpus Callosum
- B. Medulla Oblongata
- C. Pituitary Glands
- D. Pineal Glands
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the Medulla Oblongata. This part of the brain is responsible for regulating essential autonomic functions such as heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. The Corpus Callosum is responsible for connecting the left and right hemispheres of the brain, not for regulating these vital functions. The Pituitary Glands and Pineal Glands are part of the endocrine system and are not directly involved in regulating heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure.
5. Which of the following may indicate hypersecretion of thyroid hormone?
- A. weight loss
- B. Bradycardia
- C. cold intolerance
- D. lethargy
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Weight loss is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism, which is characterized by an excess secretion of thyroid hormone. This increased metabolic rate can lead to weight loss despite normal or increased appetite. Bradycardia (slow heart rate), cold intolerance, and lethargy are more commonly associated with hypothyroidism, where there is an insufficient production of thyroid hormone. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect in the context of hypersecretion of thyroid hormone.
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