ATI RN
ATI Anatomy and Physiology
1. Which of the following describes the event of ovulation?
- A. The fallopian tube moves the ovum to the uterus.
- B. The oocyte undergoes its first meiotic division.
- C. The Graafian follicle releases an ovum.
- D. The corpus luteum produces progesterone.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Ovulation is the release of a mature egg (ovum) from the Graafian follicle in the ovary. This process is essential for fertilization. Choice A is incorrect because the fallopian tube does not move the ovum to the uterus; rather, it provides a pathway for the egg to travel from the ovary to the uterus. Choice B is incorrect as the oocyte undergoes its first meiotic division after ovulation. Choice D is incorrect because the corpus luteum forms after ovulation and is responsible for producing progesterone.
2. Testosterone production is regulated by which of the following glands?
- A. Pineal
- B. Thymus
- C. Parathyroid
- D. Pituitary
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Testosterone production is regulated by the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland secretes luteinizing hormone (LH), which stimulates the Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone. This hormone is not regulated by the Pineal, Thymus, or Parathyroid glands. The Pineal gland is responsible for secreting melatonin, the Thymus gland is involved in immune function, and the Parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels in the blood.
3. An individual with which of the following blood type can receive only blood of that same type?
- A. Type O
- B. Type A
- C. Type B
- D. Type AB
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Type O. Individuals with blood type O can only receive blood from donors with blood type O. This is because type O blood lacks both A and B antigens, so if a person with type O blood receives blood with A, B, or AB antigens, their immune system will recognize these as foreign substances and attack them. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because individuals with type A can receive blood from A or O donors, individuals with type B can receive blood from B or O donors, and individuals with type AB can receive blood from A, B, AB, or O donors.
4. Which part of the nephron is closest to the collecting duct?
- A. Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
- B. Bowman's Capsule
- C. Afferent Arteriole
- D. Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the Distal convoluted tubule (DCT). The DCT is the part of the nephron closest to the collecting duct, where the final adjustments to electrolyte and fluid balance are made. Bowman's Capsule is located at the beginning of the nephron, where filtration of blood occurs. The Afferent Arteriole brings blood to the glomerulus for filtration. The Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) is situated after the Bowman's Capsule and is not the part closest to the collecting duct.
5. Calcium concentration in the blood is controlled by which of the following glands?
- A. Hypothalamus gland
- B. Thyroid gland
- C. Pituitary gland
- D. Parathyroid glands
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is Parathyroid glands. The parathyroid glands are responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood by secreting parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH helps increase calcium levels in the blood when they are too low. The other glands listed, such as the Hypothalamus, Thyroid, and Pituitary glands, do not directly control calcium concentration in the blood.
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