ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology
1. When starting therapy with bicalutamide, a client should be instructed to monitor for which of the following adverse effects?
- A. Muscle pain
- B. Flushing
- C. Gynecomastia
- D. Hyperglycemia
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gynecomastia. Bicalutamide, due to its antiandrogenic properties, can lead to gynecomastia in clients. This condition involves the development of breast tissue in males and is an important adverse effect to monitor when taking this medication. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Muscle pain and flushing are not commonly associated with bicalutamide use. Hyperglycemia is not a typical adverse effect of bicalutamide therapy.
2. A client is prescribed furosemide. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Take this medication in the morning.
- B. Avoid eating foods high in potassium.
- C. You should take this medication on an empty stomach.
- D. Limit your fluid intake to 1 liter per day.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client prescribed furosemide is to take the medication in the morning. Furosemide, a diuretic, is best taken in the morning to prevent nocturia, which is excessive urination at night. Taking it earlier in the day can help reduce disruptions to sleep patterns. Therefore, advising the client to take furosemide in the morning is crucial for optimal therapeutic effects. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because furosemide does not require avoiding potassium-rich foods, does not need to be taken on an empty stomach, and does not mandate limiting fluid intake to 1 liter per day.
3. A healthcare professional working in an emergency department is caring for a client who has Benzodiazepine toxicity due to an overdose. Which of the following actions is the healthcare professional's priority?
- A. Administer flumazenil.
- B. Identify the client's level of orientation.
- C. Infuse IV fluids.
- D. Prepare the client for gastric lavage.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When managing a client with Benzodiazepine toxicity, the priority action for the healthcare professional is to assess the client. Identifying the client's level of orientation allows the healthcare professional to understand the client's cognitive status, which is crucial for further interventions and decision-making in the care plan. Administering flumazenil (Choice A) may precipitate withdrawal symptoms and should be done cautiously. Infusing IV fluids (Choice C) can be important but is not the priority over assessing the client. Gastric lavage (Choice D) is not typically recommended due to the risk of complications and its limited effectiveness in cases of Benzodiazepine overdose.
4. While providing teaching to a client with a new prescription for Enalapril, the nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following manifestations as an adverse effect of this medication?
- A. Tremors
- B. Dry cough
- C. Drowsiness
- D. Hyperactivity
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'B: Dry cough.' Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor known to cause a persistent dry cough as a common adverse effect. This cough should be reported to the healthcare provider for further evaluation, as it may indicate a potential issue with the medication that needs attention to ensure the client's well-being. Tremors (Choice A), drowsiness (Choice C), and hyperactivity (Choice D) are not typically associated with Enalapril use. Therefore, they are incorrect choices for this question.
5. A client with tobacco use disorder is being educated about Nicotine replacement therapy. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should avoid eating right before chewing a piece of nicotine gum.
- B. I will need to stop using the nicotine gum after 1 year.
- C. I know that nicotine gum is a safe alternative to smoking during pregnancy.
- D. I must chew the nicotine gum quickly for about 15 minutes.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. To maximize the effectiveness of nicotine gum, the client should avoid eating or drinking 15 minutes before and while using it. This helps ensure proper absorption of nicotine through the oral mucosa. Choice B is incorrect because the duration of nicotine gum use can vary depending on the individual's needs and progress. Choice C is incorrect as nicotine gum should be used during pregnancy only under healthcare provider guidance. Choice D is incorrect because nicotine gum should be chewed slowly until a tingling sensation is felt, then parked between the cheek and gum until the tingling stops.
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