ATI RN
Nursing Care of Children Final ATI
1. Which physiological acid-base balance complication would be most important for the nurse to assess in a patient with diarrhea?
- A. High serum pH
- B. Normal serum pH
- C. Metabolic alkalosis
- D. Metabolic acidosis
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is metabolic acidosis. Diarrhea can lead to the loss of bicarbonate, causing an imbalance in the acid-base status of the body, specifically resulting in metabolic acidosis. High serum pH (choice A) is incorrect as diarrhea-induced bicarbonate loss would lower pH, not increase it. Normal serum pH (choice B) is not the best answer as diarrhea can disrupt the acid-base balance. Metabolic alkalosis (choice C) is an alkaline state, which is less likely to be caused by diarrhea.
2. The educator is teaching about the process of physical growth and development. Which of these describes the directional pattern from head to tail?
- A. Cephalodistal
- B. Cephalocaudal
- C. Proximodistal
- D. Proximocaudal
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Cephalocaudal development is the correct term that describes the directional pattern of growth from head to tail. This means that the head and upper body parts develop before the lower parts. Choice A, 'Cephalodistal,' refers to growth from the center of the body outward, not head to tail. Choice C, 'Proximodistal,' describes growth from the center of the body towards the extremities, not specifically from head to tail. Choice D, 'Proximocaudal,' is not a recognized term in the context of physical growth and development.
3. The nurse is planning care for a hospitalized preschool-aged child. Which should the nurse plan to ensure atraumatic care?
- A. Limit explanation of procedures because the child is preschool-aged
- B. Ask that all family members leave the room when performing procedures
- C. Allow the child to choose the type of juice to drink with the administration of oral medications
- D. Explain that EMLA cream cannot be used for the morning lab draw because there is not time for it to be effective
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Allowing the child to make choices, such as selecting the type of juice, helps to maintain a sense of control and reduce anxiety, ensuring atraumatic care.
4. Which family theory explains how families react to stressful events and suggests factors that promote adaptation to these events?
- A. Interactional theory
- B. Family stress theory
- C. Erikson's psychosocial theory
- D. Developmental systems theory
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Family stress theory explains how families respond to stress and identifies factors that help families adapt to and manage stressful events effectively.
5. A child is admitted with renal failure. Which of these findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Decreased BUN
- B. Azotemia and oliguria
- C. Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
- D. Polyuria and elevated creatinine clearance
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Azotemia (elevated BUN and creatinine) and oliguria (reduced urine output) are classic signs of renal failure, indicating impaired kidney function. In renal failure, the kidneys are unable to effectively filter waste products, leading to an increase in BUN and creatinine levels in the blood. Additionally, oliguria occurs due to decreased kidney function. Increased GFR (Choice C) is not expected in renal failure as it signifies improved kidney function, which is not the case in renal failure. Polyuria and elevated creatinine clearance (Choice D) are not typical findings in renal failure. Polyuria is more commonly associated with conditions like diabetes insipidus, while elevated creatinine clearance would indicate increased kidney function, which is contrary to the impaired function seen in renal failure.
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