ATI RN
Nursing Care of Children Final ATI
1. A child is admitted to the hospital with acute renal failure. The parents ask about the prognosis for acute renal failure. The nurse’s response should be based on which statement about acute renal failure?
- A. Children with acute renal failure will have to take prophylactic antibiotics for life.
- B. Acute renal failure always leads to chronic renal failure.
- C. Acute renal failure may be reversible.
- D. All children with acute renal failure will eventually need a kidney transplant.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Acute renal failure in children is often reversible, especially when the underlying cause is identified and treated promptly. It does not always lead to chronic renal failure or the need for a kidney transplant. Choice A is incorrect as prophylactic antibiotics for life are not a standard treatment for acute renal failure. Choice B is incorrect as acute renal failure does not always progress to chronic renal failure. Choice D is incorrect as not all children with acute renal failure will eventually require a kidney transplant.
2. A two-month-old infant who has gastroesophageal reflux is thriving without other complications. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
- A. Place the infant in the Trendelenburg position after feeding
- B. Thicken formula with rice cereal
- C. Give continuous nasogastric feedings
- D. Give larger, less frequent feeds
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction for a two-month-old infant with gastroesophageal reflux who is thriving without complications is to thicken the formula with rice cereal. This can help reduce reflux by increasing the weight of the formula, making it less likely to be regurgitated. Placing the infant in the Trendelenburg position after feeding (Choice A) is not recommended as it can increase the risk of aspiration. Continuous nasogastric feedings (Choice C) are not typically indicated for uncomplicated reflux in infants. Giving larger, less frequent feeds (Choice D) can worsen reflux symptoms by overloading the stomach.
3. A 3-year-old child was adopted immediately after birth. The parents have just asked the nurse how they should tell the child that she is adopted. Which guideline concerning adoption should the nurse use in planning a response?
- A. It is best to wait until the child asks about it.
- B. The best time to tell the child is between the ages of 7 and 10 years.
- C. It is not necessary to tell a child who was adopted so young.
- D. Telling the child is an important aspect of their parental responsibilities.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: It is important to tell children about their adoption early, in an age-appropriate manner, as part of building trust and openness in the family relationship.
4. The nurse manager is compiling a report for a hospital committee on the quality of nursing-sensitive indicators for a nursing unit. Which does the nurse manager include in the report?
- A. The average age of the nurses on the unit
- B. The salary ranges for the nurses on the unit
- C. The education and certification of the nurses on the unit
- D. The number of nurses who have applied but were not hired for the unit
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The education and certification of nurses are key nursing-sensitive indicators that reflect the quality of care provided on the unit.
5. Why is it difficult to assess a child’s dietary intake?
- A. No systematic assessment tool has been developed
- B. Biochemical analysis for assessing nutrition is expensive
- C. Families usually do not understand much about nutrition
- D. Recall of food consumption is frequently unreliable
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Recall of food intake, especially amounts eaten, is often unreliable. While systematic tools like the 24-hour recall and dietary history questionnaires exist, recall can still be challenging in accurately assessing a child's dietary intake. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because systematic assessment tools do exist, biochemical analysis is not the primary method for dietary assessment, and families' understanding of nutrition may vary but is not the main reason for the difficulty in assessing a child's dietary intake.
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