ATI RN
Proctored Nutrition ATI
1. Which systemic disease is best controlled with the DASH diet, monitoring blood pressure, limiting sodium, alcohol, and caffeine, reducing stress, and losing weight?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Diabetes mellitus
- C. Parkinson's disease
- D. Anemia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypertension. The DASH diet is specifically designed to control hypertension by reducing sodium intake, managing blood pressure, and promoting overall cardiovascular health. Choice B, Diabetes mellitus, is managed through monitoring blood sugar levels and a balanced diet rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Choice C, Parkinson's disease, is a neurological disorder that is not primarily managed through diet modifications. Choice D, Anemia, is a condition characterized by a lack of healthy red blood cells and is typically managed by addressing the underlying cause and sometimes iron supplementation, not by the methods mentioned in the question.
2. What describes a criterion used to diagnose diabetes?
- A. a plasma glucose concentration of 100 mg/dL or higher after a fast of at least 12 hours
- B. a casual blood sample of 200 mg/dL or higher in a person with classic symptoms
- C. a plasma glucose concentration measured two hours after a 200-gram glucose load is 400 mg/dL or higher
- D. a HbA1C higher than 5 percent
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A casual blood sample of 200 mg/dL or higher in a person with classic symptoms is a diagnostic criterion for diabetes. This choice aligns with the typical clinical presentation of diabetes and is a key diagnostic indicator. Choices A, C, and D do not accurately reflect the established criteria for diagnosing diabetes, making them incorrect. Choice A pertains to a fasting plasma glucose level, Choice C involves a glucose challenge test, and Choice D refers to HbA1C levels, which are used for monitoring blood sugar control over time, not for diagnosing diabetes.
3. Which type of medication is most likely to induce xerostomia?
- A. Antibiotics
- B. Diuretics
- C. Local anesthetics
- D. Anticholinergics
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Anticholinergics. Anticholinergic medications commonly cause xerostomia by inhibiting saliva production, leading to dry mouth. Antibiotics (choice A) are not typically associated with xerostomia. Diuretics (choice B) increase urine production but do not directly affect saliva production. Local anesthetics (choice C) are used to numb specific areas during dental procedures and do not induce xerostomia.
4. Which is NOT a prudent recommendation for a menopausal patient?
- A. Supplement calcium and vitamin D slightly beyond upper intake level
- B. Encourage lean protein and regular exercise
- C. Avoid alcohol if xerostomia is present
- D. Consumption of 90 mg daily of isoflavones in soy products helps to increase bone mass
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Excessive supplementation of calcium and vitamin D beyond the upper intake level is not recommended unless under medical supervision, as it can cause adverse health effects.
5. Muscle weakness due to wasting would most likely be evaluated by which test?
- A. recall of food intake
- B. skinfold thickness
- C. handgrip strength
- D. red blood cell levels
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Handgrip strength is a reliable test to assess muscle function and detect muscle weakness due to wasting. It is often used to identify conditions like sarcopenia in clinical settings. Options A, B, and D are not suitable for evaluating muscle weakness. Food intake recall does not directly measure muscle function, skinfold thickness assesses body fat but not muscle strength, and red blood cell levels are unrelated to muscle wasting.
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