ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Final Exam Answers
1. What is the function of the amniotic fluid?
- A. Delivers food and oxygen to the developing organism
- B. Helps keep the temperature of the prenatal world constant
- C. Delivers nutrients and removes waste products
- D. Produces blood cells until the organs are mature enough to take over this function
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Helps keep the temperature of the prenatal world constant.' Amniotic fluid helps maintain a stable and warm environment for the developing organism, assisting in regulating the temperature. This fluid also acts as a cushion, protecting the fetus from physical harm. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while amniotic fluid provides protection and support to the developing organism, it does not directly deliver food, oxygen, nutrients, or remove waste products, nor does it produce blood cells as the organs eventually take over this function.
2. Which statement describes a strength of naturalistic observation?
- A. It reflects the participants' everyday lives.
- B. It permits comparisons of participants' responses.
- C. Great depth and breadth of information can be obtained in a short time.
- D. It grants each participant an equal opportunity to display the behavior of interest.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Naturalistic observation reflects the participants' everyday lives because it involves observing individuals in their natural environments without any manipulation. This allows researchers to see how people behave in real-world settings and can provide valuable insights into their typical behavior patterns. Choice B is incorrect because naturalistic observation focuses on observing behavior in its natural setting rather than comparing responses between participants. Choice C is incorrect as naturalistic observation tends to provide rich, qualitative data rather than a large amount of information in a short time. Choice D is incorrect because in naturalistic observation, participants are observed as they naturally behave, which may not always lead to an equal opportunity for all participants to display the behavior of interest.
3. The third stage of labor lasts about __________.
- A. 5 to 10 minutes
- B. 20 to 50 minutes
- C. 4 to 6 hours
- D. 12 to 14 hours
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 5 to 10 minutes. The third stage of labor typically lasts about 5 to 10 minutes. This stage begins after the baby is born and ends when the placenta is delivered. It is the shortest stage of labor compared to the first and second stages. Choice B, 20 to 50 minutes, is incorrect as it is too long for the duration of the third stage. Choice C, 4 to 6 hours, and Choice D, 12 to 14 hours, are also incorrect as they are significantly longer than the actual duration of the third stage of labor.
4. Chinara is Rh-negative and Savon, her first child, is Rh-positive. Chinara's doctor will probably __________.
- A. give Savon a vaccine to prevent heart damage and intellectual disabilities
- B. advise Chinara not to have another child due to Rh incompatibility
- C. give Chinara a vaccine to prevent the buildup of antibodies to the foreign Rh protein
- D. do nothing because firstborn children are not affected by Rh incompatibility
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Chinara is Rh-negative and Savon, her first child, is Rh-positive. This presents a risk of Rh incompatibility in future pregnancies. To prevent the buildup of antibodies to the foreign Rh protein and protect future pregnancies, Chinara's doctor will likely give her a vaccine known as RhoGAM to prevent her immune system from reacting to Rh-positive blood cells. This vaccine helps to minimize the risks of complications in subsequent pregnancies. Choice A is incorrect because the vaccine is given to the mother, not the child. Choice B is incorrect as advising against having more children is not a typical response when preventive measures are available. Choice D is incorrect because all subsequent pregnancies are at risk of Rh incompatibility, not just the firstborn child.
5. In an experimental study examining whether the way angry encounters end affects children's emotional reactions, the dependent variable would be the __________.
- A. way the angry encounters end
- B. amount of unresolved anger
- C. frequency of angry encounters
- D. children's emotional reactions
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In an experimental study examining whether the way angry encounters end affects children's emotional reactions, the dependent variable would be the children's emotional reactions. The dependent variable is the outcome being measured or tested in an experiment. In this study, the researchers are trying to understand how the way angry encounters end influences children's emotions. Therefore, the emotional reactions of the children would be the dependent variable that is being studied and measured in relation to the way angry encounters end. Choices A, B, and C are not the dependent variable in this scenario. While they may be related factors, the main focus of the study is on how the way angry encounters end impacts children's emotional reactions, making children's emotional reactions the dependent variable.
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