ATI RN
ATI Nutrition
1. A healthcare professional is preparing an education program for a group of parents of adolescents. Which of the following should be included as indicators of nutritional risk among adolescents? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Skipping more than three meals per week
- B. Eating fast food once weekly
- C. Eating without family supervision frequently
- D. Frequently skipping breakfast
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Among the indicators of nutritional risk among adolescents, skipping meals, eating without family supervision, and frequently skipping breakfast are commonly associated with poor nutrition. However, eating fast food once weekly may not necessarily indicate a significant nutritional risk, as occasional consumption of fast food in moderation is not uncommon among adolescents. This choice is the correct answer because it does not strongly correlate with nutritional risk compared to the other options provided.
2. A nurse at a health fair is assessing the weight status of four clients. Which of the following clients is classified as overweight?
- A. A female client who has a body mass index of 24
- B. A male client who has a body mass index of 29
- C. A female client who has a waist circumference of 101.6 cm (40 in)
- D. A male client who has a waist circumference of 96.52 cm (38 in)
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A body mass index (BMI) of 25 or higher is classified as overweight. Choice B, a male client with a BMI of 29, falls into the overweight category. Choice A, a female client with a BMI of 24, is within the normal range. Choices C and D provide information on waist circumference, which is not sufficient to determine if a client is overweight or not, as waist circumference alone does not provide the overall picture of weight status compared to BMI.
3. How many calories are contained in a food that has 15 grams of carbohydrates, 4 grams of protein, and 10 grams of fat?
- A. 106
- B. 124
- C. 166
- D. 202
Correct answer: C
Rationale: To calculate the total calories in a food item, you can use the following conversions: every 1 gram of carbohydrate provides 4 calories, 1 gram of protein provides 4 calories, and 1 gram of fat provides 9 calories. Therefore, for this food item, multiply 15 grams of carbohydrates by 4 calories/gram, 4 grams of protein by 4 calories/gram, and 10 grams of fat by 9 calories/gram. The calculation would be (15 * 4) + (4 * 4) + (10 * 9) = 60 + 16 + 90 = 166 calories. Choice A (106) is incorrect because it does not consider the calories from fat. Choice B (124) is incorrect as it underestimates the calories by not including all macronutrients. Choice D (202) is incorrect as it overestimates the calories by adding up the values incorrectly.
4. A client with nephropathy secondary to diabetes mellitus is receiving dietary teaching from a nurse and plans to make dietary adjustments. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Consume less than 45% of total calories from carbohydrates per day.
- B. Eat no more than 300 mg of cholesterol per day.
- C. Consume less than 0.8 g/kg of body weight of protein per day.
- D. Eat at least 45 g of fiber per day.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: For a client with nephropathy secondary to diabetes mellitus, increasing fiber intake is essential as it can help manage blood sugar levels and improve overall bowel health. Choice A is incorrect because carbohydrates should be controlled but not limited to less than 45% of total calories. Choice B is incorrect as the recommended daily cholesterol intake for individuals with diabetes is less than 200 mg. Choice C is incorrect as protein intake should be individualized based on the client's condition and should not be limited to less than 0.8 g/kg of body weight per day.
5. A client who is 2 days postoperative following abdominal surgery is about to progress from a clear liquid diet to full liquids. Which of the following items should the nurse tell the client he may now request to have on his meal tray?
- A. Cranberry juice
- B. Flavored gelatin
- C. Skim milk
- D. Chicken broth
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Cranberry juice is an appropriate choice for a client transitioning from a clear liquid diet to full liquids post abdominal surgery. It provides hydration and some essential nutrients. Flavored gelatin is usually allowed on a clear liquid diet and may not be suitable for a full liquids phase. Skim milk and chicken broth are typically introduced in a later stage of the diet progression, closer to a soft diet, due to their higher protein and fat content.
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