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RN Nursing Care of Children Online Practice 2019 A
1. The nurse on a pediatric unit is writing guidelines for age-specific preparation of children for procedures based on developmental characteristics. What guideline is accurate?
- A. Inform toddlers about an upcoming procedure 2 hours before the procedure is to be performed.
- B. Inform school-age children about an upcoming procedure immediately before the procedure is scheduled to occur.
- C. Discourage parent presence during procedures on infants and toddlers.
- D. Use simple diagrams of anatomy and physiology to explain a procedure to a school-age child.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Using simple diagrams helps school-age children understand what to expect in a procedure, catering to their developmental level and reducing anxiety. Informing toddlers too early can increase anxiety, and parents' presence is generally comforting, not discouraging.
2. In what condition should the nurse be alert for altered fluid requirements in children? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Oliguric renal failure
- B. Increased intracranial pressure
- C. Mechanical ventilation
- D. All above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Conditions like oliguric renal failure, increased intracranial pressure, and mechanical ventilation significantly alter fluid requirements in children. These conditions either restrict fluid output or require careful fluid management to avoid worsening the condition.
3. What is the most frequent cause of hypovolemic shock in children?
- A. Sepsis
- B. Blood loss
- C. Anaphylaxis
- D. Heart failure
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Hypovolemic shock in children is most frequently caused by blood loss, which can result from trauma, surgery, or gastrointestinal bleeding. Sepsis and anaphylaxis can lead to different types of shock (septic and anaphylactic), and heart failure is related to cardiogenic shock.
4. What illnesses does respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) prevent?
- A. HBV, Hib, and pertussis
- B. HSV, influenza, and HBV
- C. RSV, influenza, and adenovirus
- D. RSV, pertussis, and varicella
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: RSV, influenza, and adenovirus. The CDC recommends respiratory hygiene and etiquette to prevent the transmission of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, adenovirus, and other droplet-transmitted unknown viruses. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because HBV, Hib, pertussis, HSV, and varicella are not typically transmitted via droplets but through other modes of transmission.
5. What is a primary consideration for complications when planning nursing care for an infant with Meconium aspiration syndrome?
- A. Hypoglycemia
- B. Bowel obstruction
- C. Airway obstruction
- D. Carbon dioxide retention
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Airway obstruction. When planning nursing care for an infant with Meconium aspiration syndrome, a primary consideration for complications is the potential of airway obstruction. After the passage of meconium into the amniotic fluid, the infant may inhale or swallow the fluid, leading to meconium aspiration into the lower airways and causing a partial airway obstruction. This can result in respiratory distress and hypoxemia. Hypoglycemia (choice A) is a metabolic condition unrelated to meconium aspiration. Bowel obstruction (choice B) with meconium may indicate other conditions like cystic fibrosis or Hirschsprung disease, not directly related to meconium aspiration syndrome. Carbon dioxide retention (choice D) is not a primary consideration in meconium aspiration syndrome; instead, the focus is on addressing the airway obstruction and potential respiratory compromise.
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