ATI RN
RN Nursing Care of Children Online Practice 2019 A
1. When teaching a mother how to administer eye drops, where should the nurse tell her to place them?
- A. At the lacrimal duct
- B. On the sclera while the child looks to the outside
- C. In the conjunctival sac when the lower eyelid is pulled down
- D. Carefully under the eyelid while it is gently pulled upward
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Eye drops should be placed in the conjunctival sac, which allows the medication to be absorbed properly without causing irritation. Placing drops directly on the sclera or near the lacrimal duct is less effective and can cause discomfort.
2. An awake, alert 4-year-old child has just arrived at the emergency department after an ingestion of aspirin at home. The practitioner has ordered activated charcoal. The nurse administers charcoal in which manner?
- A. Giving half of the solution and then repeating the other half in 1 hour
- B. Mixing with a flavorful beverage in an opaque container with a straw
- C. Serving it in a clear plastic cup so the child can see how much has been drunk
- D. Administering it through a nasogastric tube because the child will not drink it because of the taste
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Mixing activated charcoal with a flavorful beverage in an opaque container can help mask the taste and encourage the child to ingest it. Using an opaque container can prevent the child from seeing the unappealing appearance of the charcoal mixture, increasing compliance.
3. What type of shock is characterized by a hypersensitivity reaction causing massive vasodilation and capillary leaks, which may occur with drug or latex allergy?
- A. Neurogenic shock
- B. Cardiogenic shock
- C. Hypovolemic shock
- D. Anaphylactic shock
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction that causes massive vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, leading to rapid fluid shifts and circulatory collapse if not treated promptly. Neurogenic, cardiogenic, and hypovolemic shocks have different etiologies.
4. The nurse is teaching parents about potential causes of colic in infancy. Which should the nurse include in the teaching session?
- A. Overeating
- B. All are applicable
- C. Frequent burping
- D. Parental smoking
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Overeating, swallowing excessive air (leading to frequent burping), and parental smoking are known to contribute to colic in infants. Understimulation is not typically associated with colic.
5. What factor predisposes an infant to fluid imbalances?
- A. Decreased surface area
- B. Lower metabolic rate
- C. Immature kidney functioning
- D. Decreased daily exchange of extracellular fluid
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Infants have immature kidneys that are less efficient at concentrating urine, making them more susceptible to fluid imbalances. Their higher surface area to volume ratio also contributes to greater insensible fluid losses.
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