ATI RN

1. What is the correct definition of drug absorption?

• A. Movement of a drug from the site of administration to various tissues of the body
• B. Describes the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs
• C. These types of drugs can be taken over the counter
• D. This addresses how various drugs affect different forms of the body

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct definition of drug absorption is the movement of a drug from the site of administration into various tissues of the body. It is the process by which a drug is taken up and enters the systemic circulation.

2. Which of the following is the antidote for Heparin?

• A. Protamine sulfate
• B. Vitamin K
• C. Naloxone
• D. Toradol

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Protamine sulfate is the antidote for Heparin. Heparin is an anticoagulant used to prevent blood clotting. Protamine sulfate works by binding to heparin, neutralizing its anticoagulant effects. Vitamin K is not the antidote for Heparin; it is used to reverse the effects of warfarin, another type of anticoagulant. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to reverse the effects of opioids, and Toradol is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for pain relief.

3. Which drug undergoes extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism?

• A. Heparin
• B. Insulin
• C. Propranolol
• D. Nitroglycerin

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Propranolol undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver. When administered orally, propranolol is extensively metabolized by the liver before reaching systemic circulation, leading to reduced bioavailability. This process is known as first-pass hepatic metabolism, which significantly affects the drug's effectiveness and necessitates higher oral doses compared to other routes of administration.

4. At what amount does Acetaminophen stop effectively controlling pain?

• A. Over 1,000 mg
• B. 750 mg
• C. Over 1,500 mg
• D. 150 mg

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Acetaminophen is known to lose its effectiveness in controlling pain beyond a dosage of 1,000 mg. It is important to adhere to recommended dosages to ensure optimal pain relief and avoid potential adverse effects associated with higher doses.

5. Which of the following diuretics inhibits sodium reabsorption in the kidneys while sparing K+ and hydrogen ions?

• A. Spironolactone
• B. Furosemide
• C. Hydrochlorothiazide
• D. Bumetanide

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Spironolactone is classified as a potassium-sparing diuretic. It works by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the kidneys while promoting the retention of potassium and hydrogen ions. This mechanism of action helps in reducing fluid retention without causing excessive loss of potassium, which is a common side effect of other diuretics.