ATI RN
Proctored Pharmacology ATI
1. A client with a urinary tract infection (UTI) is prescribed ciprofloxacin. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the client?
- A. If the medication causes an upset stomach, take an antacid at the same time.
- B. Increase your daily fluid intake while taking this medication.
- C. This medication can cause photophobia, so avoid direct sunlight exposure.
- D. You should report any tendon discomfort you experience while taking this medication.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Tendon discomfort is a potential side effect of ciprofloxacin that can lead to tendon rupture and should be reported immediately to prevent serious complications. Monitoring for this adverse effect is crucial for patient safety. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because: A) Taking an antacid with ciprofloxacin can interfere with its absorption. B) Increasing fluid intake is generally a good recommendation but not specifically related to the side effects of ciprofloxacin. C) Photophobia is not a common side effect of ciprofloxacin; therefore, avoiding direct sunlight exposure is not necessary.
2. A client has a new prescription for Ondansetron for nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?
- A. Take this medication one hour before chemotherapy.
- B. You may experience a headache while taking this medication.
- C. Increase your intake of potassium while taking this medication.
- D. This medication may cause temporary hearing loss.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct statement the nurse should include is that the client may experience a headache while taking Ondansetron. Headache is a common side effect of this medication, and clients need to be informed about this potential adverse reaction to enhance their understanding and management of side effects. The other statements are incorrect because Ondansetron is usually taken 30 minutes before chemotherapy, not one hour before (choice A). There is no specific need to increase potassium intake while taking Ondansetron (choice C), and temporary hearing loss is not a common side effect associated with this medication (choice D).
3. A client has been prescribed Prednisone for asthma. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Take this medication with food to prevent nausea.
- B. Take this medication at bedtime to reduce drowsiness.
- C. Take this medication in the morning to reduce insomnia.
- D. Avoid sudden changes in position.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Prednisone is best taken in the morning to reduce the risk of insomnia, a common side effect of corticosteroids. Instructing the client to take the medication in the morning aligns with the goal of minimizing the impact of insomnia, which can disrupt sleep patterns and affect overall well-being. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Taking Prednisone with food does not primarily focus on preventing nausea; taking it at bedtime does not primarily reduce drowsiness, and avoiding sudden changes in position is not a specific instruction related to Prednisone use for asthma.
4. A client receiving chemotherapy with Methotrexate asks why Leucovorin is being given. Which of the following responses should the nurse use?
- A. Leucovorin reduces the risk of a transfusion reaction from Methotrexate.
- B. Leucovorin increases platelet production and prevents bleeding.
- C. Leucovorin potentiates the cytotoxic effects of Methotrexate.
- D. Leucovorin protects healthy cells from Methotrexate's toxic effects.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Leucovorin, a folic acid derivative and an antagonist to Methotrexate, is given within 12 hours of high doses of Methotrexate to protect healthy cells from the toxic effects of Methotrexate. It helps to reduce the bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal side effects caused by Methotrexate, supporting the client's overall well-being during chemotherapy treatment. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because Leucovorin does not reduce the risk of a transfusion reaction from Methotrexate, increase platelet production, prevent bleeding, or potentiate the cytotoxic effects of Methotrexate. Instead, Leucovorin works by rescuing healthy cells from the toxic effects of Methotrexate.
5. A client is starting a course of Metronidazole to treat an infection. For which of the following adverse effects should the client stop taking Metronidazole and notify the provider?
- A. Metallic taste
- B. Nausea
- C. Ataxia
- D. Dark-colored urine
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Ataxia.' Ataxia is a sign of central nervous system (CNS) toxicity, which can be a severe adverse effect of Metronidazole. Metallic taste and nausea are common side effects of Metronidazole but do not require stopping the medication unless they persist or worsen. Dark-colored urine is not typically associated with Metronidazole and does not indicate a severe adverse effect.
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