ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Final Exam Quizlet
1. The information-processing perspective __________.
- A. examines separate aspects of thinking
- B. fails to consider biological influences on cognitive development
- C. applies only to children in cultures having formal schooling
- D. focuses on overall cognitive change
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The information-processing perspective focuses on how individuals process, store, and retrieve information. Choice A, 'examines separate aspects of thinking,' accurately reflects this perspective. The other choices are incorrect. Choice B is incorrect because the information-processing perspective does consider biological influences on cognitive development. Choice C is incorrect as this perspective is not limited to children in cultures with formal schooling. Choice D is incorrect as the information-processing perspective does not focus on overall cognitive change, but rather on the specific processes involved in information processing.
2. Heaven was born several weeks before her due date. Although she was small, her birth weight was appropriate, based on time spent in the uterus. Heaven is a __________ infant.
- A. small-for-date
- B. small-for-weight
- C. mature
- D. preterm
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Heaven is a preterm infant because she was born early, but her weight is appropriate for the time she spent in the womb. Choice A, 'small-for-date,' is incorrect as it does not specifically indicate that the infant was born before the due date. Choice B, 'small-for-weight,' is incorrect because the infant's weight is appropriate for the gestational age. Choice C, 'mature,' is incorrect as it does not reflect the early birth of the infant.
3. The concept of ________ means that because of their genetic makeup, individuals differ in their responsiveness to qualities of the environment.
- A. gene-environment interaction
- B. niche-picking
- C. passive correlation
- D. evocative correlation
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, gene-environment interaction. This concept highlights that genetic factors play a role in how individuals react to environmental factors. Niche-picking (choice B) refers to the tendency of individuals to select environments that complement their genetic predispositions, not the inherent genetic differences in responsiveness. Passive correlation (choice C) involves the association between the genetic makeup of parents and the environment they provide for their children, not individual differences in responsiveness. Evocative correlation (choice D) relates to the idea that an individual's genetic traits can elicit certain responses from others in the environment, rather than individual differences in responsiveness.
4. When classmates are asked to rate each other's likability, __________ children get many positive votes, whereas __________ children are seldom mentioned.
- A. popular; neglected
- B. neglected; rejected
- C. popular; rejected
- D. controversial; neglected
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'popular; neglected.' Popular children are well-liked by their peers, hence they receive many positive votes. Neglected children, on the other hand, are often overlooked or ignored, resulting in them being seldom mentioned. Choice B is incorrect because neglected and rejected have different meanings. Choice C is incorrect as popular and rejected do not align with the likability context provided in the question. Choice D is incorrect as controversial does not directly relate to likability in the context of the question.
5. Piaget's _________ stage is the most complex period of development.
- A. sensorimotor
- B. preoperational
- C. concrete operational
- D. formal operational
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The formal operational stage in Piaget's theory is characterized by abstract reasoning, hypothetical thinking, and logical reasoning. This stage represents the most complex period of cognitive development according to Piaget. Choices A, B, and C refer to earlier stages in Piaget's theory and do not involve the level of abstract thinking and logical reasoning seen in the formal operational stage.
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