ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Final Exam Quizlet
1. __________ may heighten the effects of a high-fat diet.
- A. Sex hormones
- B. Over-the-counter medications
- C. Free radicals
- D. Low body weight
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Free radicals may contribute to oxidative stress, increasing the risk of conditions associated with a high-fat diet. When consuming a high-fat diet, the body may produce more free radicals, leading to oxidative damage. Sex hormones, over-the-counter medications, and low body weight do not directly heighten the effects of a high-fat diet like free radicals do.
2. When classmates are asked to rate each other's likability, __________ children get many positive votes, whereas __________ children are seldom mentioned.
- A. popular; neglected
- B. neglected; rejected
- C. popular; rejected
- D. controversial; neglected
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'popular; neglected.' Popular children are well-liked by their peers, hence they receive many positive votes. Neglected children, on the other hand, are often overlooked or ignored, resulting in them being seldom mentioned. Choice B is incorrect because neglected and rejected have different meanings. Choice C is incorrect as popular and rejected do not align with the likability context provided in the question. Choice D is incorrect as controversial does not directly relate to likability in the context of the question.
3. The term teratogen refers to __________.
- A. any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period
- B. a limited time span during which a part of the body is biologically prepared to develop rapidly
- C. a rapid period of prenatal neurological development
- D. a synthetic hormone used to prevent miscarriage
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period.' A teratogen is any substance or factor that can cause harm to the developing fetus during pregnancy. Choice B is incorrect because it describes a critical period, not a teratogen. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to a specific period of development, not a teratogen. Choice D is incorrect because it describes a synthetic hormone, not a teratogen.
4. Nine-year-old Krista gives part of her allowance to charity and collects canned goods for the food bank through her scout troop. Krista is developing __________.
- A. pride
- B. empathy
- C. guilt
- D. inferiority
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: empathy. Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of others, which is a crucial social development in childhood. In this scenario, Krista's actions of giving to charity and collecting goods for the food bank demonstrate her growing empathy towards those in need. Choice A, pride, does not capture the essence of understanding and sharing others' feelings. Choice C, guilt, is not appropriate as there is no indication that Krista feels guilty about her actions. Choice D, inferiority, is unrelated to the positive behavior displayed by Krista.
5. Adults often provide indirect feedback about grammar by using __________, which restructures inaccurate speech into correct form.
- A. fast-mapping
- B. an expansion
- C. overregularization
- D. a recast
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'a recast.' A recast occurs when an adult rephrases a child's incorrect speech into the accurate form, aiding in the learning of proper grammar. Choice A, 'fast-mapping,' refers to the ability to learn new words quickly; choice B, 'an expansion,' typically involves adding more information to a child's speech; choice C, 'overregularization,' is an error children make when they apply grammatical rules too broadly.
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