ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Final Exam Quizlet
1. According to cognitive-developmental theory, a scheme is __________.
- A. an internal process that occurs apart from any contact with the environment
- B. the understanding that objects continue to exist when out of sight
- C. the ability to copy the behavior of others
- D. an organized way of making sense of experience
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In cognitive-developmental theory, a scheme is an organized way of making sense of experience. This term refers to mental structures or frameworks that help individuals interpret and understand the world around them. Choice A is incorrect because schemes are developed through interaction with the environment. Choice B refers to object permanence, a concept from Piaget's theory of cognitive development, not schemes. Choice C describes observational learning, which is different from the concept of schemes in cognitive development.
2. __________ parenting in particular is linked to emerging adults' psychological well-being.
- A. Overprotective
- B. Permissive
- C. Autonomy-supportive
- D. Helicopter
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Autonomy-supportive parenting, which encourages independence and decision-making skills, is positively linked to the psychological well-being of emerging adults. This style of parenting fosters resilience and self-esteem. Overprotective parenting (choice A) may hinder the development of autonomy and problem-solving abilities, leading to increased anxiety. Permissive parenting (choice B) lacks structure and limits, potentially resulting in difficulties with self-regulation. Helicopter parenting (choice D) involves excessive intervention and control, which can impede the development of self-reliance and confidence.
3. __________ may heighten the effects of a high-fat diet.
- A. Sex hormones
- B. Over-the-counter medications
- C. Free radicals
- D. Low body weight
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Free radicals may contribute to oxidative stress, increasing the risk of conditions associated with a high-fat diet. When consuming a high-fat diet, the body may produce more free radicals, leading to oxidative damage. Sex hormones, over-the-counter medications, and low body weight do not directly heighten the effects of a high-fat diet like free radicals do.
4. __________ love is strong at the beginning of a relationship.
- A. Compassionate
- B. Affectionate
- C. Passionate
- D. Companionate
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Passionate love is characterized by intense emotions and physical attraction, which are common in the early stages of relationships. Compassionate love involves deep affection, but it develops over time based on mutual respect, trust, and intimacy. Affectionate love is warm and tender, but it may not necessarily have the intense emotions associated with passionate love. Companionate love is based on friendship, respect, and affection, but it may lack the intense emotions and physical attraction that characterize passionate love.
5. Brain growth is especially dramatic during __________, when the brain more than doubles in size.
- A. the first year
- B. the second year
- C. middle childhood
- D. adolescence
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Brain growth is especially dramatic during the first year of life when the brain more than doubles in size. This period is characterized by rapid neural development and growth. The brain doesn't double in size during the second year, making choice B incorrect. Middle childhood and adolescence do not represent periods where the brain more than doubles in size, making choices C and D incorrect, respectively.
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