ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Practice A
1. What is the absorbable unit of a protein?
- A. Amino acid
- B. Pepsin
- C. Glucose
- D. Sucrose
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Amino acids are the correct answer because they are the building blocks of proteins that the body absorbs after digestion. Pepsin, choice B, is incorrect as it is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of proteins, not the absorbable unit of them. Choices C and D, glucose and sucrose, are wrong because they are types of sugars, not proteins.
2. Which risk factors increase the risk of atherosclerosis?
- A. Exercise
- B. Excessive sun exposure
- C. Insufficient vaccinations
- D. Smoking
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Smoking is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. It significantly contributes to the buildup of plaque in the arteries and thereby increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, exercise is generally beneficial for cardiovascular health and is not a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Excessive sun exposure and insufficient vaccinations have no established links to atherosclerosis, making them incorrect options for this question.
3. What is the medical term for a persistent, abnormal distortion of taste?
- A. Anosmia
- B. Dysgeusia
- C. Xerostomia
- D. Hypogeusia
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is Dysgeusia, which is a persistent and abnormal distortion of the sense of taste. This condition can be triggered by various factors such as medications or certain diseases. Anosmia, choice A, refers to the loss of the sense of smell, not taste. Xerostomia, choice C, is the medical term for dry mouth, which is not specifically related to a distortion of taste. Hypogeusia, choice D, refers to a reduced ability to taste things, which is not the same as a distortion of the sense of taste.
4. An elderly man is hospitalized with a diagnosis of malnutrition three months following his wife's death. What risk factor for malnutrition does this scenario illustrate?
- A. A history of chronic illness
- B. Depression or social isolation
- C. Age
- D. Impaired mobility
Correct answer: B
Rationale: This scenario illustrates depression or social isolation as a risk factor for malnutrition. After the death of his wife, the elderly man may have experienced depression or social isolation, which can lead to decreased food intake and poor nutritional status. Although age, chronic illness, and impaired mobility can also contribute to malnutrition, they are not the primary factors described in this scenario. The history of chronic illness (Choice A) and impaired mobility (Choice D) were not mentioned in the scenario, and while age (Choice C) is a factor, it's not the main factor depicted in this case.
5. Each statement is true regarding oral exposure to fermentable carbohydrates, except one. Which is the exception?
- A. Longer exposure leads to an increased risk of demineralization
- B. Longer exposure increases the opportunity for remineralization
- C. The Stephan curve illustrates pH changes within plaque after rinsing with a sugar solution
- D. The critical pH at which enamel decalcification occurs is 5.5 or less
Correct answer: B
Rationale: All the statements above are accurate about oral exposure to fermentable carbohydrates, except for option B. In fact, longer exposure to these carbohydrates decreases the opportunity for remineralization. This is because the process of demineralization, in which minerals are lost from the tooth enamel, is sped up by the presence of fermentable carbohydrates. The Stephan curve (option C) is a graph that demonstrates how the pH of dental plaque changes after a sugar rinse, usually dropping (becoming more acidic), which can lead to enamel decalcification. Option D is also accurate, as a pH of 5.5 or lower is the critical point at which enamel starts to decalcify.
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