which of the following is the antidote for heparin

ATI RN

Proctored Pharmacology ATI

1. What is the antidote for Heparin?

A. Protamine sulfate
B. Vitamin K
C. Naloxone
D. Toradol

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Protamine sulfate. Heparin is an anticoagulant that prevents blood clotting. Protamine sulfate is the antidote for Heparin as it binds to heparin, neutralizing its anticoagulant effects. Vitamin K is not the antidote for Heparin; it is used to reverse the effects of warfarin, another anticoagulant. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist for opioids, and Toradol is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for pain relief. Therefore, the correct antidote for Heparin is Protamine sulfate.

2. Why has an ACE inhibitor been prescribed following an MI?

A. “This medication will lower your potassium level.”
B. “ACE inhibitors have been found to reduce mortality following MI.”
C. “ACE inhibitors are always prescribed with a beta blocker and calcium channel blocker following an MI.”
D. “This medication will treat your hypotension.”

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Following a myocardial infarction (MI), ACE inhibitors are commonly prescribed due to their proven benefit in reducing mortality and improving outcomes post-MI. These medications help by decreasing the workload of the heart, preventing remodeling of the heart chambers, and improving survival rates. While ACE inhibitors may have effects on potassium levels, the primary reason for their prescription post-MI is their mortality-reducing properties.

3. A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for Prednisone. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

A. Increase your intake of vitamin
B. Take this medication on an empty stomach.
C. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice.
D. Take this medication every other day.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Prednisone can lead to bone loss, so clients should increase their intake of vitamin D and calcium to help maintain bone health.

4. A client is being discharged with a new prescription for an antihypertensive medication. Which of the following statements should the nurse provide?

A. Be sure to limit your potassium intake while taking the medication.
B. You should check your blood pressure every 8 hours while taking this medication.
C. Your medication dosage will be increased if you develop tachycardia.
D. Change positions slowly when you move from sitting to standing.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Orthostatic hypotension is a common adverse effect of antihypertensive medications. The client should move slowly to a sitting or standing position and should be taught to sit or lie down if lightheadedness or dizziness occurs. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Limiting potassium intake is usually not necessary with antihypertensive medications. Checking blood pressure every 8 hours is not a standard recommendation unless specified by a healthcare provider. Increasing medication dosage due to tachycardia is not a typical practice for antihypertensive medications.

5. A client has a new prescription for Furosemide. Which of the following instructions should be included by the nurse?

A. Take this medication at bedtime.
B. Avoid eating foods high in potassium.
C. Change positions slowly.
D. Take this medication with meals.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct instruction to include when a client is prescribed Furosemide is to change positions slowly. Furosemide is a diuretic that can lead to orthostatic hypotension, causing dizziness and increasing the risk of falls. By advising the client to change positions slowly, the nurse helps prevent these potential adverse effects.