Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of telegraphic speech?

• A. A child pointed to his father's shoe and said 'daddy,' as if to convey 'daddy's shoe.'
• B. A thirsty toddler said, 'mama water.'
• C. A newborn infant asked, 'Can I have some coffee?'
• D. A baby communicated to her parents using her brain.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Telegraphic speech is when a child uses a two-word phrase to convey a larger meaning, such as 'mama water.' Choice A is incorrect as it does not demonstrate telegraphic speech but rather a simple labeling. Choice C is incorrect as it is a complete sentence and not a two-word phrase. Choice D is also incorrect as it does not describe telegraphic speech but rather a vague statement about communication.

2. Sandy took part in the April 2013 Boston Marathon, where two bombs were detonated near the finish line, killing three spectators. For approximately 2 weeks after the marathon, Sandy was unable to sleep or concentrate and often found herself reliving the moment she heard the bombs explode. What disorder might Sandy be diagnosed with?

• A. Posttraumatic stress disorder
• B. Phobic disorder
• C. Panic disorder
• D. Acute stress disorder

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Sandy might be diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD typically develops after exposure to a traumatic event and is characterized by symptoms such as re-experiencing the event, avoidance of reminders of the event, negative changes in thoughts and mood, and heightened reactivity. While acute stress disorder can occur shortly after a traumatic event, the duration of symptoms in the scenario suggests a more prolonged impact, aligning with PTSD. Phobic disorder and panic disorder are not as closely related to the described symptoms as PTSD.

3. Which orientation focuses on symptoms rather than looking at underlying causes?

• A. Psychodynamic
• B. Adlerian
• C. Jungian
• D. Behavioral

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Psychodynamic. The psychodynamic orientation focuses on symptoms rather than underlying causes, emphasizing the importance of the unconscious mind. This approach views symptoms as manifestations of underlying psychological issues rooted in the unconscious. Choice B, Adlerian, is focused on individual psychology, social interests, and the importance of feelings of inferiority. Choice C, Jungian, is based on analytical psychology and the concepts of the collective unconscious and archetypes. Choice D, Behavioral, concentrates on observable behaviors and how they are learned and reinforced through interactions with the environment, rather than focusing on underlying causes.

4. Dr. Rice believes that it is not possible to fully understand emotions unless we understand the purpose that the conscious experiences associated with emotions play in survival and adaptation. Dr. Rice's views are most consistent with those of?

• A. Edward Titchener.
• B. Ivan Pavlov.
• C. Carl Rogers.
• D. William James.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Dr. Rice's views align with William James, a functionalist, who emphasized understanding the role emotions play in survival and adaptation. William James and other functionalists believed that emotions have a purpose in helping individuals adapt to their environment. Edward Titchener, known for structuralism, focused on the structure of the mind rather than the purpose of emotions. Ivan Pavlov was a behaviorist known for his work on classical conditioning, which is not directly related to the purpose of emotions. Carl Rogers was a humanistic psychologist who emphasized self-actualization and personal growth, not specifically the purpose of emotions in survival and adaptation.

5. What are psychology's intellectual parents?

• A. Physics and physiology.
• B. Philosophy and physiology.
• C. Chemistry and physics.
• D. Philosophy and chemistry.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Psychology's intellectual parents are philosophy and physiology. Philosophy contributed to the early development of psychology by exploring questions about the mind and behavior, while physiology provided a scientific foundation for understanding the biological aspects of human psychology. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the disciplines that significantly influenced the emergence of psychology as a distinct field of study.

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