ATI RN
Exam 4 Psychology 101
1. What does incidence refer to?
- A. How many new cases of a disorder occur during a given period of time
- B. How many people have recovered from a disorder in a given period of time
- C. The percentage of males and females who have a disorder
- D. How many people in the population as a whole have a disorder
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'How many new cases of a disorder occur during a given period of time.' Incidence specifically measures the rate of occurrence of new cases of a particular condition within a defined population and time frame. This distinguishes it from prevalence, which includes both new and existing cases. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately define the term 'incidence.' Choice B refers to recovery, choice C mentions gender distribution, and choice D relates to the total population affected by a disorder, which are not reflective of the concept of incidence.
2. A healthcare provider is assessing a newborn who has a patent ductus arteriosus. Which of the following findings should the provider expect?
- A. Continuous murmur.
- B. Absent peripheral pulses.
- C. Increased blood pressure.
- D. Bounding pulses.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A continuous murmur is a classic finding in a newborn with patent ductus arteriosus. This murmur is typically heard between the first and second heart sounds and throughout systole. Absent peripheral pulses (choice B) are not typically associated with patent ductus arteriosus. Increased blood pressure (choice C) and bounding pulses (choice D) are not commonly seen with this condition. Therefore, the correct answer is A.
3. A nurse is caring for a client who is at 28 weeks of gestation and has preeclampsia. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Blood pressure 120/80 mm Hg
- B. Weight gain of 0.9 kg (2 lb) in 1 week
- C. Urine output of 30 mL/hr
- D. Respiratory rate 16/min
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A weight gain of 0.9 kg (2 lb) in 1 week is an indication of fluid retention, which is concerning in a client with preeclampsia. This can be a sign of worsening condition requiring immediate medical attention. High blood pressure (option A) is expected in preeclampsia, a urine output of 30 mL/hr (option C) is decreased but not as urgent as the weight gain in this scenario, and a respiratory rate of 16/min (option D) is within normal limits.
4. What does continuous bubbling in the chest tube water seal chamber indicate?
- A. An air leak
- B. Normal chest tube function
- C. A blocked chest tube
- D. Continuous drainage from the chest tube
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Continuous bubbling in the water seal chamber indicates an air leak in the chest tube system. This occurs when air is entering the system from the outside, preventing the lung from fully re-expanding. Choice B is incorrect because continuous bubbling is not a sign of normal chest tube function. Choice C is incorrect because a blocked chest tube would typically exhibit no bubbling or fluctuation in the water seal chamber. Choice D is incorrect as continuous drainage would not cause bubbling in the water seal chamber.
5. What is a benefit of effective delegation?
- A. It increases the manager's workload
- B. It allows the manager to make all the decisions
- C. It empowers staff to make decisions
- D. It decreases staff involvement
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'It empowers staff to make decisions.' Effective delegation involves entrusting tasks and decisions to staff, which not only lightens the manager's load but also empowers employees, enhancing their skills and confidence. Choice A is incorrect because effective delegation should reduce the manager's workload by distributing tasks appropriately. Choice B is incorrect as effective delegation involves empowering staff to make decisions rather than the manager making all decisions. Choice D is incorrect as effective delegation actually increases staff involvement by giving them more responsibilities and decision-making power.
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