freuds psychosexual stage that occurs between the ages of 3 and 5 is the stage

ATI RN

Psychology 101 Final Exam

1. Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between the ages of 3 and 5 is the ________ stage.

A. oral
B. anal
C. phallic
D. genital

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between the ages of 3 and 5 is the phallic stage. During this stage, children focus on the genitals and start to identify with the same-sex parent while developing the superego. Choice A, the oral stage, occurs during infancy (0-1 year), where gratification is centered around the mouth. Choice B, the anal stage, occurs between the ages of 1 and 3, focusing on toilet training. Choice D, the genital stage, is the final stage in Freud's theory, occurring from puberty onwards, where the focus is on mature sexual relationships.

2. Defense mechanisms ________.

A. make a person feel more anxious and have more problems, as they begin to act defensively.
B. are strategies the id uses to try to achieve its desires.
C. are conscious, intentional attempts to cope effectively with an anxiety-producing event.
D. help a person feel less anxious, but because they usually work by distorting reality, they are not always adaptive.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because defense mechanisms aim to reduce anxiety but can lead to distortion of reality, making them not always beneficial. Choice A is incorrect as defense mechanisms are meant to reduce anxiety, not increase it. Choice B is incorrect because defense mechanisms are not strategies of the id specifically. Choice C is incorrect as defense mechanisms are often unconscious and not always intentional.

3. What are substances, such as viruses and drugs, that can cause birth defects?

A. Teratogens
B. Placenta
C. Parturition
D. Androgens

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Teratogens are substances that can cause birth defects, especially if exposure occurs during critical periods of development. In this context, teratogens refer to external agents that can interfere with the development of the embryo or fetus, leading to structural or functional abnormalities. Choice B, Placenta, is incorrect as it is an organ that develops during pregnancy to provide nutrients and oxygen to the fetus and remove waste products. Choice C, Parturition, refers to the process of giving birth and is not related to substances that cause birth defects. Choice D, Androgens, are male sex hormones and are not associated with causing birth defects.

4. What role do hormones play in mental health and behavior?

A. Hormones only affect physical processes, not mental health.
B. Hormones play a critical role in regulating mood, behavior, and mental health.
C. Hormones have no effect on behavior.
D. Hormones are only involved in reproductive processes.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hormones play a critical role in regulating mood, behavior, and mental health, influencing everything from stress response to emotional stability. Choice A is incorrect because hormones have a significant impact on mental health in addition to physical processes. Choice C is incorrect as hormones do have a notable effect on behavior. Choice D is incorrect as hormones have broad functions beyond just reproductive processes.

5. Which neurotransmitter is reduced in both the manic and depressive phases of bipolar disorder?

A. Acetylcholine
B. Dopamine
C. Norepinephrine
D. Serotonin

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Serotonin. Serotonin levels are reduced during both the manic and depressive phases of bipolar disorder. Acetylcholine (choice A) is not typically linked to bipolar disorder. Dopamine (choice B) and norepinephrine (choice C) are more commonly associated with conditions like schizophrenia and depression, respectively, rather than bipolar disorder. Therefore, they are not the neurotransmitters reduced in both manic and depressive phases of bipolar disorder.