Nursing Elites

1. Which enzyme is most essential for the digestion of triglycerides found in butterfat?

• A. Gastric lipase
• B. Pepsin
• C. Mucus
• D. Intrinsic factor

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Gastric lipase. Gastric lipase is crucial for the digestion of short- and medium-chain triglycerides, such as those found in butterfat. Pepsin is involved in protein digestion, not lipid digestion. Mucus acts as a protective barrier in the stomach and does not play a direct role in lipid digestion. Intrinsic factor is involved in the absorption of vitamin B12 and is not related to the digestion of triglycerides.

2. Approximately 75% of reputable producers of bottled water use groundwater as their water source. Plain tap water is the most natural source of fluids.

• A. Both statements are true.
• B. Both statements are false.
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both statements are true. Approximately 75% of reputable producers of bottled water use groundwater as their water source, which is the same source as the public water supply. Plain tap water, coming from underground sources or reservoirs, is indeed a natural source of fluids. The first statement is supported by the fact that groundwater is a common source for bottled water due to its purity and taste. The second statement is true as tap water is sourced from natural reservoirs or underground aquifers in most cases, making it a natural fluid source for consumption. Other choices are incorrect because both statements are factually accurate based on common practices in the production and sourcing of bottled water and tap water.

3. A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for a low-sodium diet. The client's family has requested to bring in some of the client's favorite foods. Which of the following food items should the nurse tell the family members to omit?

• A. Boiled rice
• B. Flat bread
• C. Broiled fish fillet
• D. Pickled vegetables

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Pickled vegetables.' Pickled vegetables are high in sodium due to the pickling process, making them unsuitable for a low-sodium diet. Boiled rice, flat bread, and broiled fish fillet are generally lower in sodium compared to pickled vegetables and can be included in a low-sodium diet. Therefore, the nurse should advise the family to omit pickled vegetables to adhere to the client's dietary restrictions.

4. A patient on a low-sodium diet should avoid which of the following foods?

• A. Fresh fruits
• B. Unsalted nuts
• C. Canned soup
• D. Plain rice

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Canned soup is the correct answer. Canned soups are often high in sodium due to added salt and should be avoided on a low-sodium diet. Fresh fruits (Choice A) are typically low in sodium and a good choice for a low-sodium diet. Unsalted nuts (Choice B) are also low in sodium and can be included in a low-sodium diet. Plain rice (Choice D) is a low-sodium food and can be part of a low-sodium diet.

5. What should be the next step in the nursing research process?

• A. Review related literature
• B. Seek permission from the hospital administrator
• C. Identify the research problem
• D. Develop methods for data collection

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Develop methods for data collection' (Choice D). In the nursing research process, after the research problem has been identified, the next step would typically be to develop methods for how data will be collected. This is essential to effectively address the research problem. 'Review related literature' (Choice A), while an important step, usually occurs after the research problem has been identified and before methods for data collection are developed. 'Seek permission from the hospital administrator' (Choice B) might be necessary at some point in certain situations, but it is not the immediate next step in the research process. 'Identify the research problem' (Choice C) would typically come before developing methods for data collection. Therefore, according to the typical sequence of steps in the nursing research process, Choice D is correct.

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