Nursing Elites

1. A client with cirrhosis and ascites is being cared for by a nurse. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?

• A. Decrease the client's fluid intake.
• B. Increase the client's saturated fat intake.
• C. Increase the client's sodium intake.
• D. Decrease the client's carbohydrate intake.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In a client with cirrhosis and ascites, decreasing carbohydrate intake is essential as it helps reduce the production of ascitic fluid. Excess carbohydrates can lead to fluid retention. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Decreasing fluid intake can worsen dehydration, increasing saturated fat intake is not recommended due to its impact on liver health, and increasing sodium intake can worsen fluid retention and exacerbate ascites in these clients.

2. What is the most effective way to limit the number of microorganisms in the hospital?

• A. Using strict aseptic technique in all procedures
• B. Wearing a mask and gown when caring for all patients with communicable diseases
• C. Sterilizing all instruments
• D. Handwashing

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The most effective way to limit the number of microorganisms in the hospital is by using strict aseptic technique in all procedures. This approach ensures that the risk of introducing harmful microorganisms into the hospital environment or patients is minimized. Choice B, wearing a mask and gown when caring for patients with communicable diseases, is important but not as comprehensive as using aseptic technique in all procedures. Sterilizing all instruments (Choice C) is crucial for preventing infections but may not address all avenues of microorganism transmission. Handwashing (Choice D) is a fundamental practice in infection control but alone may not be as effective as utilizing aseptic techniques in all procedures to limit microorganisms in the hospital.

3. Almost all (99%) of the calcium in the body is used for?

• A. regulating the transmission of nerve impulses
• B. providing energy for cells
• C. providing rigidity for the bones
• D. regulating muscle contraction

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: providing rigidity for the bones. Almost all of the calcium in the body is utilized for maintaining the strength and structure of bones and teeth. Calcium plays a crucial role in skeletal health by providing rigidity and support to the skeletal system. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while calcium is essential for various physiological functions like nerve transmission, cell energy production, and muscle contraction, the majority of calcium in the body is primarily allocated for bone health.

4. Where should a nurse auscultate the apex beat?

• A. At the fifth intercostal space, along the midclavicular line
• B. At the mid-sternum
• C. 2 inches to the left of the lower end of the sternum
• D. 1 inch to the left of the xiphoid process

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct location to auscultate the apex beat is at the fifth intercostal space, along the midclavicular line. This is where the apical impulse, also known as the point of maximal impulse (PMI), can be best heard. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect anatomical locations for auscultating the apex beat, which makes them incorrect choices. Auscultating at the correct location allows healthcare providers to assess the heart's function and detect any abnormalities in heart sounds, which is crucial for comprehensive patient care.

5. Which of the following gauges should you prepare for spinal anesthesia if the anesthesiologist requires a pink spinal set and a blue spinal set as backup?

• A. Gauges 16 and 22
• B. Gauges 18 and 16
• C. Gauges 16 and 20
• D. Gauges 25 and 22

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

Similar Questions