a nurse is planning care for a client who has cirrhosis and ascites which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition

1. A client with cirrhosis and ascites is being cared for by a nurse. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?

A. Decrease the client's fluid intake.
B. Increase the client's saturated fat intake.
C. Increase the client's sodium intake.
D. Decrease the client's carbohydrate intake.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In a client with cirrhosis and ascites, decreasing carbohydrate intake is essential as it helps reduce the production of ascitic fluid. Excess carbohydrates can lead to fluid retention. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Decreasing fluid intake can worsen dehydration, increasing saturated fat intake is not recommended due to its impact on liver health, and increasing sodium intake can worsen fluid retention and exacerbate ascites in these clients.

2. The mechanism behind most CKD in patients without diabetes is mediated by:

A. enzyme systems
B. immune systems
C. catabolic systems
D. hormonal systems

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In non-diabetic patients, CKD is often mediated by immune system responses. Chronic inflammation triggered by immune system dysfunction can contribute to progressive kidney damage. Therefore, the correct answer is 'immune systems.' Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because CKD in non-diabetic patients is primarily associated with immune system abnormalities rather than enzyme, catabolic, or hormonal systems.

3. A client with hypertension is being educated by a nurse about a heart-healthy diet. Which of the following statements indicates that the client understands the teaching?

A. I will get 15% of my total daily calories from saturated fats.
B. I will decrease the potassium in my diet.
C. I will limit my daily sodium intake to 3 grams.
D. I will eat five 8-ounce servings of fruit daily.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Limiting daily sodium intake to 3 grams is crucial in managing blood pressure and is a fundamental aspect of a heart-healthy diet. High sodium intake can contribute to hypertension and cardiovascular issues. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because getting 15% of daily calories from saturated fats, decreasing potassium intake, and eating five servings of fruit do not directly address the management of hypertension through sodium restriction.

4. After ileostomy, which of the following condition is NOT expected?

A. Increased weight
B. Irritation of skin around the stoma
C. Liquid stool
D. Establishment of regular bowel movement

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

5. Who most often prescribes a patient's diet order?

A. Registered Nurse
B. Physician
C. Registered Dietetic Technician
D. Occupational Therapist

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A patient's dietary order is most frequently prescribed by a physician. This is because the physician has a comprehensive understanding of the patient's medical condition and can thus determine the most suitable dietary plan. Registered dietitians often collaborate with physicians in this process, but the final prescription is made by the physician. Although registered nurses, dietetic technicians, and occupational therapists play significant roles in patient care, they typically do not prescribe diet orders.