Nursing Elites

1. What condition has been shown to be associated with esophageal dysphagia?

• A. myasthenia gravis
• B. achalasia
• C. Alzheimer's disease
• D. cerebral palsy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Achalasia is the correct answer. It is a condition characterized by the esophagus having difficulty moving food toward the stomach, resulting in dysphagia (difficulty swallowing). Myasthenia gravis (Choice A) is a neuromuscular disorder that affects skeletal muscles, not the esophagus. Alzheimer's disease (Choice C) primarily affects cognitive function, not the esophagus. Cerebral palsy (Choice D) is a neurological disorder affecting body movement and muscle coordination, unrelated to esophageal dysphagia.

2. Nurse Minette needs to schedule a first home visit to OB client Leah. When is a first home-care visit typically made?

• A. Within 4 days after discharge
• B. Within 24 hours after discharge
• C. Within 1 hour after discharge
• D. Within 1 week of discharge

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

3. Which of the following is NOT a part of a process recording?

• A. Non-verbal narrative account
• B. Analysis and interpretation
• C. Audio-visual recording
• D. Verbal narrative account

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A process recording typically includes a non-verbal narrative account (Choice A), an analysis and interpretation (Choice B), and a verbal narrative account (Choice D). These components help in providing a comprehensive assessment of a patient's condition and ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted for optimized outcomes. An audio-visual recording (Choice C), while it can be a part of some data collection processes, is not typically included in a process recording, making it the correct answer.

4. Which individual would be at the greatest risk for deficiencies in water-soluble vitamins?

• A. An individual who regularly consumes fruits and vegetables.
• B. An individual with a high intake of dairy products.
• C. An individual who consumes a diet high in processed foods.
• D. An individual who frequently eats organ meats.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'An individual who consumes a diet high in processed foods.' Processed foods are often deficient in water-soluble vitamins such as vitamin C and B vitamins, which can lead to deficiencies. On the other hand, fruits, vegetables, and organ meats are rich sources of these vitamins, so individuals who consume these regularly are less likely to develop deficiencies. While dairy products do contain some water-soluble vitamins, they are not depleted as quickly as they are in a diet high in processed foods, making a deficiency less likely.

5. Which type of assessment evaluates a person's risk of malnutrition by ranking key variables from the medical history and physical examination?

• A. Katz index
• B. integrated assessment
• C. subjective global assessment
• D. nutrition care plan

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) is the correct choice. SGA is a comprehensive tool used to assess an individual's risk of malnutrition by integrating key variables from the medical history, physical examination, and other relevant factors. The Katz index is used to assess activities of daily living, not malnutrition risk. An integrated assessment refers to the overall evaluation process involving multiple assessments. A nutrition care plan is a personalized plan developed based on assessment findings, not the assessment itself.

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