Nursing Elites

1. What describes a criterion used to diagnose diabetes?

• A. a plasma glucose concentration of 100 mg/dL or higher after a fast of at least 12 hours
• B. a casual blood sample of 200 mg/dL or higher in a person with classic symptoms
• C. a plasma glucose concentration measured two hours after a 200-gram glucose load is 400 mg/dL or higher
• D. a HbA1C higher than 5 percent

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A casual blood sample of 200 mg/dL or higher in a person with classic symptoms is a diagnostic criterion for diabetes. This choice aligns with the typical clinical presentation of diabetes and is a key diagnostic indicator. Choices A, C, and D do not accurately reflect the established criteria for diagnosing diabetes, making them incorrect. Choice A pertains to a fasting plasma glucose level, Choice C involves a glucose challenge test, and Choice D refers to HbA1C levels, which are used for monitoring blood sugar control over time, not for diagnosing diabetes.

2. What is the primary goal of a dental hygienist when making dietary recommendations for a patient with a new dental prosthesis?

• A. To promote healing and repair by ensuring an adequate and nutrient-dense diet
• B. To promote healing and repair by recommending consumption of only liquids for the first week
• C. To promote a balanced diet by recommending a variety of fibrous foods
• D. To encourage the patient to become accustomed to the prosthesis by eating as usual

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The primary goal of a dental hygienist when making dietary recommendations for a patient with a new dental prosthesis is to promote healing and repair. This can be achieved by ensuring the patient maintains an adequate and nutrient-dense diet. This is why option 'A' is the correct answer. Option 'B' is incorrect because while liquids are easier to consume with a new dental prosthesis, a diet consisting only of liquids for a week may not provide all necessary nutrients. Option 'C' is incorrect because while a variety of fibrous foods can contribute to a healthy diet, it's not specifically relevant to the healing and adjustment to a new dental prosthesis. Option 'D' is incorrect because eating as usual may not be feasible or comfortable for a patient with a new prosthesis, and it doesn't specifically focus on promoting healing and repair.

3. A breastfeeding mother complains that she missed her son's last two feedings and now her breasts have become full, hard, and uncomfortable. This condition is known as _____.

• A. mastitis
• B. engorgement
• C. letdown
• D. galactorrhea

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Engorgement occurs when the breasts become overly full, leading to discomfort and sometimes difficulty with latching. It can be relieved by feeding or expressing milk. Mastitis, choice A, is characterized by breast inflammation usually caused by an infection. Letdown, choice C, refers to the release of milk from the breast. Galactorrhea, choice D, is the spontaneous flow of milk from the breast unassociated with childbirth or nursing.

4. A client is being taught about foods to include in a low-fiber diet. Which statement indicates the client understands the teaching?

• A. "A fresh pear would be a good snack option."?
• B. "I can prepare refried beans for supper."?
• C. "Bran cereal would be a good breakfast choice."?
• D. "I should choose white rice as a side dish."?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is "I should choose white rice as a side dish." In a low-fiber diet, foods that are low in fiber are recommended to reduce gastrointestinal irritation. White rice is a low-fiber option suitable for this diet. Choices A, B, and C are high-fiber options and not suitable for a low-fiber diet. A fresh pear, refried beans, and bran cereal are all high in fiber, which should be avoided in a low-fiber diet.

5. A healthcare professional is reviewing the lab findings of a client who has Clostridium Difficile. Which of the following findings should indicate to the healthcare professional that the client is experiencing Fluid Volume Deficit?

• A. Hct 53%
• B. Potassium 3.5
• C. Sodium 145
• D. HbA1c 5

Correct answer: A

Rationale: An elevated hematocrit level (Hct 53%) indicates hemoconcentration, a sign of fluid volume deficit. Hct measures the percentage of red blood cells in the blood and increases when there is a decrease in plasma volume, as seen in fluid volume deficit. Choices B, C, and D do not directly relate to fluid volume status. Potassium and sodium levels are more indicative of electrolyte imbalances, while HbA1c reflects average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months and is not specific to fluid volume status.

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