Nursing Elites

1. Vitamin deficiencies, especially the B-complex vitamins, seldom occur in isolation. Folate, a B-complex vitamin, is the exception because it functions separately from other vitamins.

• A. Both statements are true.
• B. Both statements are false.
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The first statement is true; the second is false. If a deficiency of one vitamin is suspected, symptoms of other vitamin B deficiencies also may be present. Folate deficiencies usually occur with other nutrient deficiencies. Specifically, folate functions in conjunction with vitamins B12 and C in maintaining normal levels of mature red blood cells.

2. Which dietary modification is most suitable for a client with type 2 diabetes who wants to improve glycemic control?

• A. Increase intake of saturated fats
• B. Decrease intake of refined carbohydrates
• C. Completely avoid all fruits
• D. Increase intake of sugary snacks

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Decreasing the intake of refined carbohydrates is the most effective dietary modification for a client with type 2 diabetes who aims to improve their glycemic control. Refined carbohydrates can cause sudden spikes in blood sugar levels, making diabetes management more difficult. Increasing the intake of saturated fats (Choice A) is not advisable as it can negatively impact heart health. Completely avoiding all fruits (Choice C) is unnecessary because most fruits have a low glycemic index and provide essential nutrients. Increasing the intake of sugary snacks (Choice D) will deteriorate glycemic control due to their high sugar content.

3. Which neuromuscular disease is characterized by abnormal chewing and swallowing patterns, tremors of the mandible, lip, and tongue, frequent drooling, and holding food in the mouth for extended periods?

• A. Developmental disabilities
• B. Parkinson's disease
• C. Epilepsy
• D. Diabetes mellitus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is characterized by abnormal chewing and swallowing patterns, tremors of the mandible, lip, and tongue, frequent drooling, and difficulties in oral functions like holding food in the mouth. Developmental disabilities (Choice A) do not specifically cause these symptoms related to neuromuscular function. Epilepsy (Choice C) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures and does not typically present with the described symptoms. Diabetes mellitus (Choice D) is a metabolic disorder that affects blood sugar regulation and does not directly cause the neuromuscular symptoms mentioned in the question.

4. The nurse understands that malnutrition is a prevalent issue among hospitalized individuals. What is it commonly associated with?

• A. Decreased health care expenses
• B. Elevated blood pressure
• C. Decreased mortality rates
• D. A compromised immune system

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Malnutrition is often associated with a weakened immune system. This is because when the body is not sufficiently nourished, it lacks the necessary nutrients to maintain a well-functioning immune system, making patients more vulnerable to infections and other health complications. This can potentially increase mortality rates and prolong hospital stays, contrary to choice C. Choices A and B are incorrect as malnutrition does not lead to decreased health care costs or high blood pressure. In fact, it may increase health care costs due to the potential for increased complications and extended hospital stays.

5. What percentage of body weight as fat does a woman with a healthy body composition typically average?

• A. 5%
• B. 15%
• C. 25%
• D. 35%

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A healthy body fat percentage for women typically ranges between 21% and 33%, with 25% being an average healthy body fat percentage. Choice A (5%) is too low for a healthy body fat percentage and is more in line with essential body fat levels. Choice B (15%) is also lower than the typical range for a healthy body fat percentage. Choice D (35%) is too high and would be considered high body fat for women.

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