Nursing Elites

1. What physiologic role does magnesium play in the body?

• A. Blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction and relaxation
• B. Calcium homeostasis, structural integrity of heart muscle
• C. No known metabolic function, caries-preventing properties
• D. ATP energy release; metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, proteins; regulates acid-base balance

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Magnesium plays an important role in maintaining calcium homeostasis and preventing skeletal abnormalities. It is involved in more than 300 enzymatic reactions, including energy metabolism, insulin activity, and glucose use. Magnesium is vital to the structural integrity of heart muscle and other muscles and nerves. While magnesium does play a role in blood clotting, nerve impulses, muscle contraction, relaxation, ATP energy release, and metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, proteins, the primary physiologic role of magnesium in the body is related to calcium homeostasis and maintaining the structural integrity of the heart muscle. Choice A is incorrect because it includes functions of magnesium, but they are not its primary physiologic role. Choice C is incorrect as magnesium has several known metabolic functions. Choice D is incorrect because although magnesium is involved in ATP energy release and metabolism, its primary role is related to calcium homeostasis and structural integrity of muscle.

2. Each of the following describes the physiologic roles of water, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Acts as a solvent for chemical reactions.
• B. Maintains stability of body fluids.
• C. Enables transport of nutrients and excretion of waste.
• D. Regulates temperature by pooling as perspiration on skin.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Water regulates body temperature by evaporating as perspiration from the skin, not by pooling. When sweat evaporates from the skin, it takes away heat, which helps cool the body. Choices A, B, and C are correct because water acts as a solvent for chemical reactions, maintains the stability of body fluids, and enables the transport of nutrients and excretion of waste, respectively.

3. When can a patient's medical record become a potential issue for the doctor or nurse?

• A. When the record is extensive
• B. When a medical record is subpoenaed in court
• C. When it is missing
• D. When the medical record is inaccurate, incomplete, or inadequate

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. A medical record becomes a potential issue for a doctor or a nurse when it is inaccurate, incomplete, or inadequate. This is because a medical record is a key tool for healthcare professionals to track a patient's history, treatment, and progress. If the record is not accurate or complete, it can lead to misdiagnosis, incorrect treatment, or other potential problems in patient care. While missing records (Choice C) could be a problem, they do not directly implicate the doctor or nurse in the same way that inaccurate or inadequate records do. An extensive record (Choice A) or a record being subpoenaed in court (Choice B) are not inherently problematic for healthcare professionals and do not necessarily reflect negatively on their work.

4. A client is planning eating strategies with a nurse who has nausea from equilibrium imbalance. Which of the following strategies should the nurse recommend?

• A. Encourage the client to eat, even if nauseated.
• B. Provide low-fat carbohydrates with meals.
• C. Limit fluid intake between meals.
• D. Serve hot foods at mealtime.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Provide low-fat carbohydrates with meals. Low-fat carbohydrates are easier to digest and can help manage nausea without overloading the digestive system. Encouraging the client to eat even if nauseated (Choice A) may worsen their symptoms. Limiting fluid intake between meals (Choice C) may lead to dehydration, which can exacerbate nausea. Serving hot foods at mealtime (Choice D) may not necessarily address the underlying issue of equilibrium imbalance causing nausea.

5. A patient following a vegetarian diet might be at risk for deficiency in which nutrient?

• A. Vitamin C
• B. Vitamin B12
• C. Vitamin A
• D. Vitamin D

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal products, so vegetarians may need supplementation.

Similar Questions