ATI RN
ATI Nutrition
1. A nurse is caring for a client who is to receive a mechanically altered diet. Which of the following client food choices necessitates intervention by the nurse?
- A. Scrambled eggs
- B. Cottage cheese
- C. Piece of wheat toast
- D. Sliced banana
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Sliced banana.' A mechanically altered diet is designed for clients who have difficulty chewing or swallowing. Sliced bananas, due to their texture and potential choking hazard for clients with swallowing difficulties, would necessitate intervention by the nurse. Scrambled eggs, cottage cheese, and a piece of wheat toast are softer and safer options for clients on a mechanically altered diet, making them appropriate choices.
2. For a patient with celiac disease, which dietary modification is necessary?
- A. Increase protein intake
- B. Avoid gluten
- C. Increase dairy intake
- D. Avoid lactose
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Avoid gluten. Patients with celiac disease have an immune reaction to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. Therefore, it is crucial for individuals with celiac disease to avoid gluten-containing products. Increasing protein intake (Choice A) is not specifically necessary for celiac disease management. Increasing dairy intake (Choice C) is unrelated to the dietary requirements of individuals with celiac disease. Avoiding lactose (Choice D) is relevant for individuals with lactose intolerance, not celiac disease. Therefore, the only necessary modification for a patient with celiac disease is to avoid gluten.
3. How is the stomach protected from damage by gastric acid?
- A. enzymes present in the stomach
- B. a protective bacteria in the stomach
- C. bicarbonate present in the stomach
- D. the mucus lining of the stomach
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. The stomach is protected from gastric acid by a thick mucus lining that acts as a physical barrier, preventing the acid from eroding the stomach walls. Enzymes in the stomach help with digestion but do not play a significant role in protecting the stomach from acid damage, so choice A is incorrect. While some bacteria in the stomach can be beneficial, they do not primarily protect the stomach from gastric acid, making choice B incorrect. Bicarbonate, a base, can neutralize acid, but it is not the primary defense mechanism against gastric acid in the stomach, so choice C is also incorrect.
4. The working phase in a therapy group is usually characterized by which of the following?
- A. Caution
- B. Cohesiveness
- C. Confusion
- D. Competition
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.
5. Which of the following conditions is not caused by energy drinks?
- A. Nervousness
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Seizures
- D. Dental caries
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Energy drinks are known for causing a variety of health issues, including nervousness, seizures, and an increased risk of dental caries due to their high sugar content. However, they do not cause bradycardia, which is a slow heart rate. Instead, energy drinks are associated with causing an increased or rapid heart rate, known as tachycardia. Therefore, out of the listed options, bradycardia is the condition not caused by energy drinks.
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