Nursing Elites

1. Which factor contributes to the development of bone diseases in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) due to retention?

• A. Iron
• B. Sodium
• C. Potassium
• D. Phosphorus

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is phosphorus. Retention of phosphorus in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) contributes to the development of bone disorders, including osteodystrophy, because it disrupts the balance of calcium and phosphorus in the body. This imbalance leads to a variety of bone diseases. The other options - iron, sodium, and potassium - while important in the overall metabolic function, are not directly linked to the development of bone diseases in CKD patients due to retention.

2. Sugar alcohols have anticariogenic properties and can protect the teeth by decreasing demineralization, enhancing remineralization, or increasing salivary flow, even in the presence of a fermentable carbohydrate. Name 3 sugar alcohols.

• A. Sorbitol
• B. Mannitol
• C. Xylitol
• D. Erythritol

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, mannitol, and xylitol are commonly used in sugar-free products and have properties that help protect teeth from caries by promoting remineralization and increasing salivary flow. Erythritol is another common sugar alcohol used as a sweetener in various products, but it was not listed in the question.

3. In obtaining a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity on a catheterized patient, the nurse is correct if:

• A. Clamp the catheter for 30 minutes, Alcoholize the tube above the clamp site, Obtain a sterile syringe and draw the
• B. Alcoholize the self sealing port, obtain a sterile syringe and draw the specimen on the self sealing port
• C. Disconnect the drainage bag, obtain a sterile syringe and draw the specimen from the drainage bag
• D. Disconnect the tube, obtain a sterile syringe and draw the specimen from the tube

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

4. Each of the following is a form of vitamin K, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Phylloquinone
• B. Tocopherol
• C. Menaquinone
• D. Menadione

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Tocopherol, Choice B, is not a form of vitamin K; it is another name for vitamin E. Phylloquinone (Choice A), menaquinone (Choice C), and menadione (Choice D) are all forms of vitamin K. Phylloquinone is vitamin K1 found in green plants, menaquinone is vitamin K2 produced in the large intestine and found in animal tissues, and menadione is a synthetic form of vitamin K. Therefore, Choice B is the correct answer because it does not belong to the vitamin K group, unlike the other options.

5. What is the most important concern immediately after a myocardial infarction?

• A. Reducing cholesterol intake
• B. Allowing cardiac rest for healing
• C. Reducing saturated fat intake
• D. Eating several small meals each day

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Immediately after a myocardial infarction, the primary concern is to allow the heart to rest and heal to prevent further damage. This is why choice B is the correct answer. While choices A, C, and D might be a part of the long-term management plan following a myocardial infarction, they are not the immediate priority. Reducing cholesterol and saturated fat intake, as well as adjusting eating habits can help prevent future heart issues, but do not directly contribute to the immediate recovery post-myocardial infarction.

Similar Questions