Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is assessing a client with a new diagnosis of Listeria food poisoning. What action should the nurse take first?

• A. Educate the client on safe food practices.
• B. Start a traceback to identify the source of the outbreak.
• C. Report the case to the county board of health.
• D. Ask the client if they have consumed any unpasteurized products.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct first action for the nurse to take when assessing a client with a new diagnosis of Listeria food poisoning is to inquire if the client has consumed any unpasteurized products. This is crucial because Listeria contamination is often associated with unpasteurized dairy products and undercooked meats. Educating the client on safe food practices (Choice A) is important but not the priority at this initial assessment stage. Starting a traceback to identify the source of the outbreak (Choice B) and reporting the case to the county board of health (Choice C) are necessary actions but should come after gathering information directly from the client regarding potential exposure to high-risk foods.

2. Which is the priority nursing diagnosis for a patient with an indwelling urinary catheter?

• A. Self-esteem disturbance
• B. Impaired urinary elimination
• C. Impaired skin integrity
• D. Risk for infection

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: Risk for infection.' An indwelling urinary catheter poses a significant risk for infection due to its invasive nature and the increased susceptibility to urinary tract infections. While 'B: Impaired urinary elimination' and 'C: Impaired skin integrity' may also be concerns for a patient with an indwelling urinary catheter, the immediate risk of infection is the priority. 'A: Self-esteem disturbance' is not typically a priority nursing diagnosis for a patient with an indwelling urinary catheter because the focus is primarily on infection prevention and management to ensure patient safety and well-being.

3. What dietary strategy would most likely be used as part of lifestyle management to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease?

• A. Avoid foods that contain polyunsaturated fat
• B. Limit saturated fat to less than 10 percent of total calories
• C. Limit alcohol intake to one drink daily for women and two drinks daily for men
• D. Avoid consumption of fish and shellfish

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Limiting alcohol intake is part of a strategy to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by avoiding the negative cardiovascular effects associated with excessive alcohol consumption.

4. Milk and other dairy products are preferred sources of calcium because lactose enhances calcium absorption.

• A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
• B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
• C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
• D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. Milk and other dairy products are indeed preferred sources of calcium because they supply most of the available calcium. Additionally, lactose present in dairy products enhances calcium absorption, making them even more efficient sources of this essential mineral. The statement correctly identifies dairy products as preferred sources of calcium, and the reason explains how lactose contributes to better calcium absorption. The other choices are incorrect as they do not accurately assess the relationship between lactose, calcium absorption, and the preference for dairy products as sources of calcium.

5. Which nutrients might people who follow a vegan diet be deficient in?

• A. Vitamin B12
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamins A and D
• D. Calcium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: People who adhere to a vegan diet might indeed be deficient in vitamins A and D, which are primarily found in animal-derived foods. While vitamin B12 and calcium can also be lacking in a vegan diet, these were not choices given that would correctly answer the question. Vitamin C, on the other hand, is widely available in numerous plant-based foods, making it less likely for vegans to be deficient in it. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Vitamins A and D'. It's important to note that deficiencies can be avoided through careful meal planning or supplementation.

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