Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is assessing a client with a new diagnosis of Listeria food poisoning. What action should the nurse take first?

• A. Educate the client on safe food practices.
• B. Start a traceback to identify the source of the outbreak.
• C. Report the case to the county board of health.
• D. Ask the client if they have consumed any unpasteurized products.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct first action for the nurse to take when assessing a client with a new diagnosis of Listeria food poisoning is to inquire if the client has consumed any unpasteurized products. This is crucial because Listeria contamination is often associated with unpasteurized dairy products and undercooked meats. Educating the client on safe food practices (Choice A) is important but not the priority at this initial assessment stage. Starting a traceback to identify the source of the outbreak (Choice B) and reporting the case to the county board of health (Choice C) are necessary actions but should come after gathering information directly from the client regarding potential exposure to high-risk foods.

2. Is the loss of teeth or supporting periodontium often associated with poor food selection and limited chewing ability, and do the patients' masticatory efficiency and biting force decline with each tooth lost?

• A. Both statements are true
• B. Both statements are false
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both statements are indeed true. The loss of teeth or supporting periodontium frequently leads to poor food selection and limited chewing ability, as these conditions can make certain foods difficult to consume. Additionally, a patient's masticatory efficiency and biting force do decline with each tooth lost, as there are fewer teeth to distribute the force of the bite. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they suggest that one or both of these statements are false, which is not the case.

3. Each statement is true, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Infant formulas should be discontinued at approximately 1 year of age
• B. Low-fat milk is not recommended for children younger than 2 years
• C. Special toddler formulas are available but are unnecessary
• D. Vitamin D-fortified whole milk should not be provided until 2 years

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Vitamin D-fortified whole milk should be provided starting at age 1 after discontinuing breast feeding or infant formulas, not at 2 years. Providing whole milk at age 2 is appropriate. Choices A, B, and C are correct statements: infant formulas are typically discontinued around 1 year of age, low-fat milk is not recommended for children under 2 years, and special toddler formulas are unnecessary.

4. Nonnutritive sweeteners are not metabolized by microorganisms and do not promote dental caries. Products made with a nonnutritive sweetener can be used as frequently as 8 to 10 times per day.

• A. Both statements are true
• B. Both statements are false
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The first statement is true; nonnutritive sweeteners do not promote caries. However, the second statement is false because products with nonnutritive sweeteners should still be consumed in moderation.

5. What goal should an overweight woman include in her lifestyle for a healthy pregnancy?

• A. Aim to lose 11 to 20 pounds during pregnancy
• B. Increase protein intake to 35% of total calories
• C. Delay weight loss until after pregnancy
• D. Increase daily energy intake by 550 calories

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The healthiest approach for an overweight pregnant woman is to delay weight loss until after pregnancy. During pregnancy, the body needs sufficient nutrition and energy to support the growth and development of the baby. Attempting to lose weight during pregnancy, especially significant amounts, may compromise the health of both the mother and the baby. Increasing protein intake to 35% of total calories or energy intake by 550 calories per day without professional guidance may lead to an unbalanced diet, which is not optimal for pregnancy. The focus should be on maintaining a balanced, nutrient-rich diet and appropriate weight gain during pregnancy.

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