ATI RN
Nutrition ATI Proctored Exam
1. Which cells in the islet of the pancreas are responsible for synthesizing insulin?
- A. Alpha cells
- B. Beta cells
- C. Gamma cells
- D. Delta cells
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Beta cells in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas are responsible for the production and secretion of insulin, which is crucial for regulating blood glucose levels. Alpha cells, on the other hand, produce glucagon, a hormone that raises blood glucose levels. Gamma cells and Delta cells do not exist in the islets of Langerhans; therefore, they are incorrect choices.
2. Water loss can occur from each, except one. Which is the exception?
- A. Respiratory inflammation
- B. Strenuous exercise
- C. Diarrhea
- D. Perspiration
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Perspiration. Water loss can occur through respiration inflammation, strenuous exercise, and diarrhea. Perspiration, also known as sweating, is a mechanism by which the body regulates temperature and eliminates some waste products, but it is not a cause of water loss. The body loses water through sweating, but this loss is mainly for cooling purposes, and it is not a primary mechanism for water loss like respiration, exercise, or diarrhea.
3. How many grams of protein per day are recommended for a person weighing 150 lbs?
- A. 120
- B. 85
- C. 187.5
- D. 54
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight. To convert pounds to kilograms, divide the weight in pounds by 2.2. Therefore, a 150 lb person weighs approximately 68 kg (150 / 2.2 = 68). Multiplying 68 kg by 0.8 grams gives us 54 grams of protein per day. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not align with the RDA calculation based on body weight.
4. A client states they are taking greater than the recommended daily allowance of vitamin E to prevent cataracts. Which complication should the nurse educate the client as related to taking excessive amounts of vitamin E?
- A. Lung cancer
- B. Stroke
- C. Diarrhea
- D. Liver damage
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stroke. High doses of vitamin E supplements have been associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke due to its blood-thinning properties. Option A, lung cancer, is not a known complication of excessive vitamin E intake. Option C, diarrhea, is more commonly associated with excessive intake of other vitamins or minerals. Option D, liver damage, is not a commonly reported complication of vitamin E overdose.
5. How many calories does one pound of fat equal?
- A. 1500 calories
- B. 2500 calories
- C. 3500 calories
- D. 5000 calories
Correct answer: C: 3500 calories
Rationale: One pound of body fat is equivalent to approximately 3500 calories. This is a generally accepted caloric value used in nutrition and weight management. It's important to note that this is an estimation and individual variations may occur. Choice A (1500 calories), Choice B (2500 calories), and Choice D (5000 calories) are incorrect because they do not match the generally accepted caloric value of 3500 calories for one pound of body fat.