Nursing Elites

1. Which state of arousal is considered the most fleeting?

• A. Regular sleep
• B. REM sleep
• C. Drowsiness
• D. Quiet alertness

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Quiet alertness is indeed the most fleeting state of arousal. This state is characterized by a newborn infant being awake, calm, and attentive, but it is short-lived and transitions quickly to other states of arousal. Regular sleep, REM sleep, and drowsiness are not considered as brief and transitional as quiet alertness in newborn infants.

2. Developmental social neuroscience __________. Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 17 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e

• A. involves the design of flowcharts to map the precise steps individuals use to complete tasks
• B. emphasizes that preschoolers’ thinking is full of faulty logic because they engage in hands-on exploration
• C. is devoted to studying the relationship between changes in the brain and emotional and social development
• D. involves the study of brain activity and the individual’s linear and logical cognitive processing patterns Answer: C Page Ref: 20 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Recent Theoretical Perspectives Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Developmental social neuroscience is dedicated to examining the connection between changes in the brain and emotional and social development. This field of study focuses on how the brain's development influences an individual's social and emotional behavior. By studying brain activity alongside emotional and social development, researchers can gain insights into how these aspects are interrelated and how they impact one another.

3. In an experimental study examining whether the way angry encounters end affects children's emotional reactions, the dependent variable would be the __________.

• A. way the angry encounters end
• B. amount of unresolved anger
• C. frequency of angry encounters
• D. children's emotional reactions

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In an experimental study examining whether the way angry encounters end affects children's emotional reactions, the dependent variable would be the children's emotional reactions. The dependent variable is the outcome being measured or tested in an experiment. In this study, the researchers are trying to understand how the way angry encounters end influences children's emotions. Therefore, the emotional reactions of the children would be the dependent variable that is being studied and measured in relation to the way angry encounters end. Choices A, B, and C are not the dependent variable in this scenario. While they may be related factors, the main focus of the study is on how the way angry encounters end impacts children's emotional reactions, making children's emotional reactions the dependent variable.

4. What reflex protects an infant from strong stimulation?

• A. Moro
• B. eye-blink
• C. sucking
• D. palmar grasp

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: eye-blink. The eye-blink reflex is the one that protects an infant from strong stimulation by causing them to quickly shut their eyes in response to sudden bright light or a loud noise. This reflex helps to safeguard the infant's sensitive eyes from potential harm. The Moro reflex (choice A) is the startle reflex, the sucking reflex (choice C) helps with feeding, and the palmar grasp reflex (choice D) is when the infant's fingers close around an object placed in their hand; none of these reflexes specifically protect the infant from strong stimulation.

5. Which statement about the harm done by teratogens is true?

• A. Passive smoking can be harmful to the developing fetus.
• B. The genetic makeup of the mother and the developing organism plays an important role.
• C. The negative impact of teratogens is usually reversible.
• D. The most serious defects occur in the germinal period.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The statement that the genetic makeup of the mother and the developing organism plays an important role in the harm done by teratogens is true. Genetic factors can influence susceptibility to teratogens, and the interaction between genetic and environmental factors plays a significant role in determining the impact on the developing fetus. This highlights the importance of considering both genetic and environmental influences when assessing risks to prenatal development. Choice A is incorrect as passive smoking can indeed be harmful to the developing fetus. Choice C is incorrect as the negative impact of teratogens is often not reversible. Choice D is incorrect as serious defects can occur throughout prenatal development, not just in the germinal period.

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