Nursing Elites

1. Which statement about prenatal rubella is true?

• A. The greatest damage occurs when rubella strikes during the fetal period.
• B. The organ damage inflicted by prenatal rubella can lead to lifelong health problems. Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 15 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e
• C. Routine vaccination has made new rubella outbreaks extremely rare worldwide.
• D. Infection during the embryonic period is less harmful than during other prenatal periods. Answer: B Page Ref: 86‒87 Skill Level: Understand known or suspected teratogens. Topic: Prenatal Environmental Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The statement that the organ damage inflicted by prenatal rubella can lead to lifelong health problems is true. Rubella infection during pregnancy can cause serious harm to the developing fetus, including organ damage, deafness, heart defects, and intellectual disabilities. This highlights the importance of prevention and vaccination to protect both pregnant women and their unborn babies from the harmful effects of rubella.

2. In a structured observation, each participant has an equal opportunity to display the behavior of interest because the researcher designs a specific set of conditions or tasks for all participants to engage in, providing a standardized environment for observation.

• A. clinical interview
• B. naturalistic observation
• C. structured observation
• D. case study

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In a structured observation, each participant has an equal opportunity to display the behavior of interest because the researcher designs a specific set of conditions or tasks for all participants to engage in, providing a standardized environment for observation. This allows for fair and equitable observations across all participants, ensuring that each individual has the same opportunities to exhibit the behavior being studied. Choice A, clinical interview, typically involves a one-on-one interaction between a researcher and a participant focusing on collecting information through questions and answers, not providing equal opportunities for behavior display. Choice B, naturalistic observation, involves observing individuals in their natural environment without intervention or manipulation of conditions, which may not always ensure equal opportunities for behavior display. Choice D, case study, focuses on in-depth analysis of a single individual or a small group, providing detailed information but not necessarily ensuring equal opportunities for behavior display among participants.

3. According to the continuous view of development, the difference between the immature and the mature is simply one of amount or complexity.

• A. nature
• B. discontinuous
• C. nurture
• D. continuous

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. According to the continuous view of development, the difference between the immature and the mature is seen as simply one of amount or complexity. This view suggests that development is a gradual and continuous process where individuals steadily acquire new abilities without abrupt changes or stages. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because nature, discontinuous, and nurture do not align with the description provided in the question. Nature typically refers to genetic or biological factors, discontinuous implies stages or abrupt changes, and nurture relates to environmental influences, none of which are synonymous with the continuous view of development.

4. __________ increases tenfold from the twentieth week until birth.

• A. Amniotic fluid
• B. Brain weight
• C. Fetal length
• D. Neuron production

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Brain weight increases tenfold from the twentieth week until birth. This rapid growth and development of the brain during the prenatal period is crucial for setting the foundation for future cognitive and neurological functions. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because although they also undergo changes during prenatal development, none of them increase tenfold from the twentieth week until birth, unlike brain weight.

5. The effects of stress on the developing organism can be greatly reduced if the expectant mother __________.

• A. has access to social support during stressful periods
• B. takes a low dose of anti-anxiety medication
• C. takes a folic acid supplement early in pregnancy
• D. is placed on bed rest during the last trimester

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Having access to social support during stressful periods can greatly reduce the effects of stress on the developing organism. Social support can provide emotional comfort, practical assistance, and a sense of belonging, which can help the expectant mother cope with stress more effectively. This support system can also help mitigate the negative impact of stress on the developing baby during pregnancy. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while folic acid is important for prenatal health, it does not directly address the effects of stress. Taking anti-anxiety medication should be done under medical supervision and as a last resort due to potential risks to the developing baby. Bed rest during the last trimester is not a solution to reduce the effects of stress and may not address the underlying causes of stress.

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